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Research Article

‘Let us prepare for the Champions League!’ the symbolic Europeanization of Romania’s football bosses

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Pages 534-548 | Published online: 27 Mar 2023
 

ABSTRACT

The post-communist privatization of Romanian football clubs saw their transfer into the hands of the nouveau riches who emerged after 1989. Gradually, the public image of the local championship rapidly worsened, because of corruption scandals or match-fixing incidents in which the new owners involved it. Thus,  the Champions League participation of Dinamo, Rapid, and Steaua Bucharest proved desirable for more than its economic benefits. The competition also offered football bosses an important symbolic capital, meant to highlight an improved image of “real” capitalist entrepreneurs. Accordingly, qualifying in the Champions League groups also meant the “Europeanization” of the club owners’ social status, through their association with a competition strongly appreciated in Romania, due to its perceived quality and correctness. The research behind this article is based on the analysis of the public discourses related to local club owners seeking participation in the Champions League groups during the past 30 years.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

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2. Veth, “Sovintersport and the cashing in on Soviet football”, 21.

3. For this purpose, I consulted the print periodical collections of the Central University Library of Bucharest and Romania’s National Library.

4. Schmidt, “Institutionalism”, 113.

5. Hoffman, The Oligarch, 22.

6. Vrcan, “The Curious Drama of the President of a Republic Versus a Football Fan Tribe”, 72.

7. Bratu, Corruption, Informality and Entrepreneurship in Romania, 5.

8. Pratap & Saha, “Evolving efficacy of managerial capital, contesting managerial practices, and the process of strategic renewal”, 3.

9. Grzymala-Busse & Luong, “Reconceptualizing the State”, 532.

10. Collier, Post-Soviet Social; Grzymala-Busse & Luong, “Reconceptualizing the State”; Hass, “Political Culture of Post-Soviet Economic Change”; Puglisi, “The rise of the Ukrainian oligarchs”; Verdery, What was socialism, and what comes next?.

11. Riordan, “Football”, 545.

12. Volkov, Violent Entrepreneurship (The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism).

13. Kosals, “Essay on Clan Capitalism in Russia”.

14. Schimpfössl, Rich Russians.

15. Stoica, România continuă, 185.

16. Bideleux & Jeffries, The Balkans, 180.

17. Bratu, Corruption, Informality and Entrepreneurship in Romania, 43.

18. Stoica, “Our martyrs of 1989 did not die for this!”, 27.

19. Stoica, România continuă.

20. Stoica, “Our martyrs of 1989 did not die for this!”, 43.

21. Humphrey, The Unmaking of Soviet Life.

22. Ibid., 177.

23. Ibid., 180.

24. Stoica, România continuă, 75.

25. Schmidt, “Institutionalism”, 111.

26. Porter, Supporter Ownership in English Football, 21.

27. Ibid., 24.

28. Doige, “Either Everyone Was Guilty or Everyone Was Innocent”, 127.

29. Beiu, “Football and politics in Romania”.

30. Noordegraaf & Schinkel, “Professionalism as Symbolic Capital”, 101.

31. McDonald, How Regimes Dictate Oligarchs & Their Football Clubs.

32. Humphrey, The Unmaking of Soviet Life, 175.

33. Ibid.

34. Bourdieu, Practical Reason, 8.

35. “Copos e acuzat că face blaturi”, Gazeta Sporturilor, July 29, 1999.

36. Oprișan, Radu & Răureanu, “Atac la rivale”, Gazeta Sporturilor, February 27, 2007.

37. Bourdieu, Practical Reason, 47.

38. Ibid., 85.

39. Noordegraaf & Schinkel, “Professionalism as Symbolic Capital”, 78.

40. Fuller & Tian, “Social and Symbolic Capital and Responsible Entrepreneurship”, 288.

41. Ibid., 290.

42. Tucker, “The football club”.

43. Ceron-Anaya, “An Approach to the History of Golf”.

44. Bourdieu, Distinction, 283.

45. Clercq & Voronov, “The Role of Cultural and Symbolic Capital in Entrepreneurs” Ability to Meet Expectations about Conformity and Innovation’, 407.

46. Puglisi, “The rise of the Ukrainian oligarchs”, 111.

47. Veth, Selling the People’s Game Football’s transition from Communism to Capitalism in the Soviet Union and its Successor State.

48. Riordan, “From Communist Forum to Capitalist Market East European Sport in Transition”.

49. Schimpfössl, Rich Russians.

50. Cheloukine, “Match Fixing in Soccer”.

51. Foer, How Football Explains the World.

52. Veth, Selling the People’s Game Football’s transition from Communism to Capitalism in the Soviet Union and its Successor State.

53. Georgiev, Soccer Hooligans, Ethnic Nationalism and Political Economy in Bulgaria, 39.

54. Porro & Russo, “Berlusconi and Other Matters”.

55. Guțu, “World going one way, people another”.

56. Bosoi, “A sosit și Denis Șerban”, Gazeta Sporturilor, July 21, 1998.

57. Firănescu, “Clubul Rapid și sponsorii săi”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 4, 1990.

58. Arsenie, “Imaginea zilei”, Gazeta Sporturilor, November 8, 2007.

59. Beiu, “Football and politics in Romania”, 7.

60. Botezatu, “Pentru imagine!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, May 26, 2008.

61. Rotaru, Răzvan & Udrea, “Show de Champions League”, Gazeta Sporturilor, July 27, 2007.

62. Rotaru, Răzvan & Udrea, “Gigi ignorat, gloriile aclamate!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 17, 2010.

63. Apostol, “E bine!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, June 26, 2004.

64. Apostol, “Titlul, nu Europa!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, January 5, 2007.

65. Apostol, Eduard & Gheorghiu, “Minus 10 milioane de euro”, Gazeta Sporturilor, May 4, 2007.

66. Gheorghiu, Cătălin & Mihalcea, “Nu pleacă nimeni!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, May 5, 2007.

67. Apostol, “Premiul I”, Gazeta Sporturilor, July 4, 2007.

68. Dinamo’s nickname.

69. Bourdieu, Distinction, 311.

70. Chirilă, “Cupa Samsung și promotorul ei”, Gazeta Sporturilor, May 12, 1994.

71. Bourdieu, Practical Reason, 120.

72. Bourdieu, The Logic of Practice. 101.

73. Bourdieu, Practical Reason, 198.

74. Filoti, “Blestemul continuă”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 5, 1999.

75. Anghel, Iulian & Marian, “Nisip de mare pentru Champions League”, Gazeta Sporturilor, June 24, 2003.

76. Udrea, “Protasov a pierdut calificarea”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 25, 2005.

77. Udrea, “Dezlănțuit”, Gazeta Sporturilor, October 19, 2006.

78. Ion, “Am jucat catastrofal”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 2, 2002.

79. Popescu, “Război rece”, Gazeta Sporturilor, October 22, 2008.

80. Oprișan, Radu & Preda, “Marea dezamăgire”, Gazeta Sporturilor, August 8, 2003.

81. Florea, “Gigi, lasă-ne!”, Gazeta Sporturilor, October 5, 2009.

82. Beiu, “Football and politics in Romania”, 7.

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