Is Palbociclib a cost-effective strategy in the second-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer in Iran?

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims

This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of Palbociclib in the second-line treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in Iran.

Methods

The present economic evaluation used a partitioned survival model (PSM). This model compares lifetime costs and disease outcomes among groups receiving different medication combinations containing Palbociclib, Fulvestrant, Everolimus, Ribociclib, and Abemaciclib as the second-line therapy for HR+/HER2- MBC. The model was conducted from Iran’s healthcare perspective, structured with 1-month cycles, and the evaluation time horizon in the base analysis was set to 180 cycles (15 years). Transition probabilities were extracted using the survival curves. The cost information was extracted based on the year 2020. The Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) was considered the final outcome unit, and the cost-effectiveness of different combinations is calculated as cost per QALY. The annual discount rate of 5% was considered for costs and QALYs. Two times Iran’s GDP per capita (800,000,000 IRR = US$5934) was used as the threshold. Finally, due to the uncertainty of some parameters, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results

The base case results showed that the highest cost was for the ‘Ribociclib+ Fulvestrant’ combination (US$89,629.56), and the lowest price was for the ‘Iranian Everolimus + Fulvestrant’ combination (US$10,740.09). ‘Palbociclib + Fulvestrant’ brings about the highest value of 1.456 incremental QALYs compared to other strategies. Finally, the ‘Iranian Palbociclib + Fulvestrant’ was the cost-effective combination, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$4,201 compared to other strategies. The base case results were supported by the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of Iranian Palbociclib has a threshold of US$582.99.

Conclusions

The ‘Iranian Palbociclib + Fulvestrant’ combination was cost-effective in second-line therapy for HR+ HER2- MBC in Iran.

KEYWORDS:

• Palbociclib
• second-line treatment
• cost-effectiveness
• metastatic breast cancer
• HR+ HER2-
• Economic evaluation

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contributions

Analysis and interpretation of the data: A Darvishi, R Abdi Dezfouli, A Fazaeli

Drafting of the paper: R Abdi Dezfouli, N Zandieh

Revising the paper critically: A Darvishi, R Daroudi

The final approval of the version to be published: R Daroudi

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This paper is part of a project carried out with the support of the Rehabilitation Consultant Office of the Iran’s Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education and the University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health.