Perinatal COVID-19 outcomes: evaluating the strength of current evidence

Abstract

Purpose of the Study: Viral respiratory diseases, like those caused by novel strains of influenza and Coronaviridae, have historically disproportionately affected pregnant women and conferred increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Initial reports published from Wuhan, China identified only limited symptoms in pregnant women and no cases of mortality, but more recent reports from other regions of the world have reported contrasting information. The purpose of the study was to evaluate initially published cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in China and compare them to subsequently published studies from the remainder of the world.

Materials and Methods: This review curates 199 maternal published cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 initially reported in the literature from China and contrasts them to more recent literature reporting clinical findings and outcomes of 729 selected cases from the rest of the world, including the United States.

Results: Overall, initial case reports and series from China reported no cases of maternal mortality, which contrasts with subsequent reports from other regions of the world demonstrating significant morbidity and mortality can and does occur in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion: While initial reports suggest limited risks of infection in pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2, subsequent findings have demonstrated pregnant women are at risk for severe morbidity and mortality. Case studies and series that are imperative in the early stages of a pandemic to provide data on a novel pathogen cannot be used to provide generalizable information predicting group risks.

Keywords:

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• neonatology
• maternal-fetal medicine
• obstetrics

Disclosure statement

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. RS, KMA, and GV all conceptualized the manuscript, performed the literature search, and drafted and revised manuscript. MDS drafted and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.