Isolation of two sesquiterpene glycosides from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. with cytotoxic properties and analysis of their mechanism based on network pharmacology

Abstract

The anti-tumor effects of two compounds purified from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (S. mukorossi.) on breast cancer in vitro were observed. Their chemical structures were identified as sesquiterpene glycosides, namely, Mukurozioside IIa and Mukurozioside IIb. The results of XTT assay indicated that their inhibition rates against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s) reached approximately 80% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, which were higher than that of cyclophosphamide (below 40% at 200 μg/mL), and their 50% inhibiting concentrations were ranged from 120.73 to 154.01 μg/mL, indicating their inhibition were weaker than their parent fraction. Furthermore, the mechanism on breast cancer was predicted, and 22 targets including PTPN1, IL2 and VEGFA were relatively important. These results illustrated the anti-breast cancer activity of S. mukorossi was related to the two compounds with the structure of sesquiterpene glycosides, but they did not represent the full activity of their parent fraction.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn
• Mukurozioside IIa
• Mukurozioside IIb
• cytotoxic activity
• network pharmacology

Acknowledgement

We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

There is no conflict of interest of any authors in relation to the submission.

Additional information

Funding

The work described in this article was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1602300).