Antimicrobial activity of Annona muricata leaf oleoresin

Abstract

Bioactive compounds extracted from plants such as antimicrobials have attracted the attention of consumers and the food industry. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Annona muricata leaf oleoresin obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction. The oleoresin was obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction and the chemical identification by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method against 14 foodborne fungi and bacteria. The oleoresin major chemical class was phytosterols (22.7%) and the major compounds were γ-sitosterol (15.7%), α-tocopherol (13.7%), phytol (13.1%), and hexadecanoic acid (11.5%). Minimum inhibitory concentration against bacteria ranged from 0.0025 to 0.010 mg mL⁻¹. The oleoresin had high bactericidal activity against all bacteria, mainly Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 0.005 mg mL⁻¹ minimum bactericidal concentration. However, it had low fungicidal activity. The leaf oleoresin of A. muricata has promising applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Soursop
• Annonaceae
• supercritical CO₂
• food conservation
• natural product
• bactericide

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Paranaense University, Fundação Araucária, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) -finance code 001-, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support and fellowship, and the Universidade Federal da Bahia and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for funding this study, contract number 451-03-9/2021-14/200007 and 451-03-9/2021-14/200168.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.