Metabolomic profiling and correlations of supercritical extracts of guarana

Abstract

A previous optimization of supercritical extraction from guarana seeds was performed applying orthogonal array design (OA9(34)). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracts, as well as metabolomic profiling and correlations from the compounds by statistical analysis were determined. Extracts 1 (40% ethanol; 20 min; 40 °C and 100 bar), 2 (40% methanol; 60 min; 40 °C and 200 bar), and 8 (40% methanol; 40 min; 60 °C and 100 bar) had the highest combined values of antioxidant capacity for the DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and xanthine oxidase system methods, and were identified by chemometric analysis. Similar chemical profiles of the extracts were obtained by LC-DAD-MS, and were identified: methyl-xanthine, (epi)catechin and dimers and trimers of type A and B proanthocyanidins. The heat map analysis showed positive correlation between antioxidant methods DPPH, FRAP and ABTS and with flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. Extract 3 was active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria and Candida tropicalis.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Paullinia cupana
• supercritical extraction
• chemical profile
• antioxidant activity
• proanthocyanidins

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

We thanks to FINEP/Comcap, Fundação Araucária, Capes, and INCT_if for financial support, and Admir Arantes for technical support.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This article was funded by CNPq-Grant#402588/2013-4