Phenolics and triterpenoids from stem bark of Calophyllum lanigerum var. austrocoriaceum (Whitmore) P. F. Stevens and their cytotoxic activities

Abstract

Genus Calophyllum is well-known for its phenolic constituents, especially coumarins, which have shown to have a wide range of significant biological activities. In this study, four known phenolic constituents and two triterpenoids have been isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum lanigerum. The compounds were two pyranochromanone acids are known as caloteysmannic acid (1), isocalolongic acid (2), a simple dihydroxyxanthone, namely euxanthone (3), one coumarin named calanone (4), and two common triterpenoids, friedelin (5), and stigmasterol (6). Chromanone acids were reported for the first time in this Calophyllum species. Cytotoxic evaluations were carried out on n-hexane extract (87.14 ± 2.04 µg/mL; 81.46 ± 2.42 µg/mL) followed by the chromanone acids (1 [79.96 ± 2.39 µM; 83.41 ± 3.39 µM] & 2 [57.88 ± 2.34; 53.04 ± 3.18 µM]) against two cancerous cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MG-63 cell lines, respectively. The results showed that all tested samples exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• Calophyllum lanigerum
• chromanone acids
• coumarin
• xanthones

Acknowledgements

The authors express gratitude to the Centre for Drug Research and Universiti Sains Malaysia for providing research facilities and technical support. The Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC) is acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.