![Sample our Humanities journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5939/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Humanities.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
While media frames reflect the dominant discourse about an issue, frame analysis can elucidate how they affect public perception.Footnote1 Employing content analysis of news coverage of adolescents’ use of social media in mainstream newspapers (n = 323) from 2014 to 2017, supplemented with secondary data from two national surveys of adolescents, this study investigates how news media construct the reality of adolescents’ use of social media; how the constructed reality differs from the subjective reality reported by adolescents’ themselves; and how news media reflect the elite discourse in terms of adolescence’s nature, agency, and needs in the context of using social media.
Notes
1 William A Gamson and Andre Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach,” American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 1 (1989): 1–37.
2 R. Stevens, S. Gilliard-Matthews, J. Dunaev, M. Woods, and B. M. Brawner. “The Digital Hood: Social Media Use among Youth in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods,” New Media and Society 19, no. 6 (Jun 2017): 950–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815625941.
3 C. Chang, C.-C. Tao, and S. Tu, 傳播調查資料庫第二期第一次調查計畫執行報告. [The Report of the 2017 Taiwan Communication Survey (Phase Two, Year One)]. (2018). http://www.crctaiwan.nctu.edu.tw/material/files/113910112018.pdf
4 Victoria Wang and Simon Edwards, “Strangers Are Friends I Haven’t Met Yet: A Positive Approach to Young People’s Use of Social Media,” Journal of Youth Studies 19, no. 9 (2016): 1204–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1154933.
5 Ibid., 1204–5.
6 Jo Moran-Ellis and Geoff Cooper, “Making Connections: Children, Technology, and the National Grid for Learning,” Sociological Research Online 5, no. 3 (2000): 1–12; Neil Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids’: Re-Examining Children, Computers and Theinformation Society,’” Media, Culture and Society 25, no. 3 (2003): 351–78.
7 Sarah L Holloway, and Gill Valentine, “Spatiality and the New Social Studies of Childhood,” Sociology 34, no. 4 (2000): 763–83.
8 Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 352–3.
9 Martin Woodhead, “Childhood Studies: Past, Present and Future,” An Introduction to Childhood Studies (2008): 17–34.
10 Ibid., 1204–5.
11 Sonia Livingstone, and Amanda Third, Children and Young People’s Rights in the Digital Age: An Emerging Agenda. London, England: Sage Publications Sage UK, 2017.
12 Ibid., 658.
13 See note 4 above.
14 See note 1 above.
15 David Buckingham, After the Death of Childhood (John Wiley and Sons, 2013); Allison James and Alan Prout, Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood (Routledge, 2003).
16 Michael A Cacciatore, Dietram A Scheufele, Shanto, “The End of Framing as We Know It … and the Future of Media Effects,” Journal of Mass Communication Iyengar, and Society 19, no. 1 (2016): 7–23.
17 Gamson and Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion,” 3; J. Tankard et al., “Media Frames: Approaches to Conceptualization and Measurement, Paper Presented to the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication” (1991): 11.
18 Robert M. Entman, “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm,” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–8.
19 Ibid., 52.
20 Mary Jane Kehily, An Introduction to Childhood Studies (McGraw-Hill Education (UK), 2008).
21 Ibid., 5.
22 Harry Hendrick, “Constructions and Reconstructions of British Childhood: An Interpretative Survey, 1800 to the Present,” In Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood, 29–53 (Routledge, 2015).
23 Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 361–3; Ping Shaw, and Yue Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods in Taiwanese Children’s Newspapers,” New Media and Society 17, no. 11 (2015): 1867–85.
24 Peter Kelly, “Youth at Risk: Processes of Individualisation and Responsibilisation in the Risk Society,” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 22, no. 1 (2010): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300120039731.
25 Franklin D Gilliam Jr. and Susan Nall Bales, “Strategic Frame Analysis: Reframing America’s Youth,” Social Policy Report XV, no. 3 (2001): 3–15.
26 Kelly, “Youth at Risk,” 24.
27 Stephen Owen, “Framing Narratives of Social Media, Risk and Youth Transitions: Government of ‘Not Yet’ Citizens of Technologically Advanced Nations,” Global Studies of Childhood 4, no. 3 (2014): 235–46. https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2014.4.3.235.
28 Ibid., 235.
29 Sonia Livingstone and Ellen Helsper, “Balancing Opportunities and Risks in Teenagers’ Use of the Internet: The Role of Online Skills and Internet Self-Efficacy,” New Media and Society 12, no. 2 (2010): 309–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342697.
30 James and Prout, Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood, 6; Kehily, An Introduction to Childhood Studies, 5; Woodhead, “Childhood Studies,” 22.
31 Buckingham, After the Death of Childhood; Hendrick, “Constructions and Reconstructions of British Childhood” 33; James, Allison, Adrian L James. European Childhoods (Springer, 2008).
32 James and Prout, Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood, 6; Woodhead, “Childhood Studies,” 22.
33 Buckingham, After the Death of Childhood.
34 Song-In Wang, 父母介入子女網路使用行為之研究. [Parental mediation of children’s internet use]. Chinese Journal of Communication Research 27 (2015): 37–65. https://doi.org/10.6195/cjcr.2015.27.02.
35 Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 355–6.
36 Ibid., 355.
37 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.
38 Fu-Mei Chen and Tom Luster, “Factors Related to Parenting Practices in Taiwan,” Early Child Development and Care 172, no. 5 (2002): 413–30.
39 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1872.
40 Entman, “Framing,” 52.
41 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1881.
42 Vikki Bell, “Governing Childhood: Neo-Liberalism and the Law,” Economy and Society 22, no. 3 (1993): 390–405; Owen, “Framing Narratives of Social Media,” 236.
43 Gamson, and Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion,” 3; Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 351; Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.
44 Sei-Hill Kim and Matthew W. Telleen, “Talking About School Bullying: News Framing of Who Is Responsible for Causing and Fixing the Problem,” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 94, no. 3 (2016): 725–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016655756; Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.
45 James and James, European Childhoods.
46 Hendrick, “Constructions and Reconstructions of British Childhood.”
47 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.
48 Ibid., 1881.
49 Chen and Luster, “Factors Related to Parenting Practices in Taiwan,” 429.
50 Danah M Boyd, and Nicole B Ellison, “Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13, no. 1 (2007): 210–30.
51 Julia Davidson and Elena Martellozzo, “Exploring Young People’s Use of Social Networking Sites and Digital Media in the Internet Safety Context,” Information, Communication and Society 16, no. 9 (2013): 1456–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2012.701655; Siân Lincoln and Brady Robards, “Being Strategic and Taking Control: Bedrooms, Social Network Sites and the Narratives of Growing Up,” New Media and Society 18, no. 6 (2014): 927–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554065.
52 Boyd and Ellison, “Social Network Sites.”
53 Davidson and Martellozzo, “Exploring Young People’s Use.”
54 Sarita Schoenebeck et al., “Playful Backstalking and Serious Impression Management: How Young Adults Reflect on Their Past Identities on Facebook,” in Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing – CSCW ’16, 1473–85, 2016.
55 Natascha Notten and Peter Nikken, “Boys and Girls Taking Risks Online: A Gendered Perspective on Social Context and Adolescents’ Risky Online Behavior,” New Media and Society 18, no. 6 (2016): 966–88.
56 Livingstone and Helsper, “Balancing Opportunities and Risks,” 309.
57 Ibid., 311.
58 Zsuzsa Millei and Robert Imre, “The Problems with Using the Concept of ‘Citizenship’ in Early Years Policy,” Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 10, no. 3 (2009): 280–90.
59 Bell, “Governing Childhood,” 390.
60 Owen, “Framing Narratives of Social Media,” 235.
61 Notten and Nikken, “Boys and Girls Taking Risks Online,” 966.
62 Sonia Livingstone et al., “Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks for Children Online: The Role of Digital Skills in Emerging Strategies of Parental Mediation,” Journal of Communication 67, no. 1 (2017): 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277.
63 Notten and Nikken, “Boys and Girls Taking Risks Online,” 966.
64 See note 62 above.
65 Wang, “Parental mediation of Children’s Internet Use,” 40.
66 Ibid., 60.
67 Anne West, Jane Lewis, and Peter Currie, “Students’ Facebook ‘Friends’: Public and Private Spheres,” Journal of Youth Studies 12, no. 6 (2009): 615–27.
68 Livingstone and Helsper, “Balancing Opportunities and Risks,” 315; Pew Research Center, Teens and Technology (2005), https://www.pewinternet.org/2005/07/27/teens-and-technology/; C. Chang, C.-C. Tao, and S. Tu, 傳播調查資料庫第一期第三次調查計畫執行報告. [The Report of the 2014 Taiwan Communication Survey (Phase One, Year Three)]. 2014. http://www.crctaiwan.nctu.edu.tw/material/files/233810112018.pdf, 74.
69 Chang and Tao, The Report of the 2014 Twaiwan Communication Survey, 83.
70 Ibid., 68.
71 Ibid., 68.
72 Livingstone and Helsper, “Balancing Opportunities and Risks,” 315.
73 Chang and Tao, The Report of the 2014 Twaiwan Communication Survey, 69; Seounmi Youn, “Teenagers’ Perceptions of Online Privacy and Coping Behaviors: A Risk–Benefit Appraisal Approach,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 49, no. 1 (2005): 86–110.
74 Chang and Tao, The Report of the 2014 Twaiwan Communication Survey, 70–1.
75 Kim and Telleen, “Talking About School Bullying,” 725; Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1876.
76 United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child. (2009). www.unicef.org/crc.
77 Klaus Krippendorff, “Agreement and Information in the Reliability of Coding,” Communication Methods and Measures 5, no. 2 (2011): 93–112.
78 United Nations, Convention on the Rights of the Child.
79 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1876; Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 369.
80 Buckingham, After the Death of Childhood; Selwyn, “Doing It for the Kids,” 360.
81 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.
82 Chen and Luster, “Factors Related to Parenting Practices in Taiwan,” 429.
83 James and James, European Childhoods; Moran-Ellis and Cooper, “Making Connections.”
84 Shaw and Tan, “Constructing Digital Childhoods,” 1882.