Robust machine learning method for imputing missing values in audiograms collected in children

Abstract

Objective

To assess the accuracy and reliability of a machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting the full audiograms of hearing-impaired children relative to the common approach (CA).

Design

Retrospective study

Study sample

There were 206 audiograms included from 206 children with sensorineural hearing loss. Nested cross-validation was used for evaluating the performance of the CA and ML. Six audiogram prediction simulations were performed in which either one or two thresholds across 0.5–4 kHz from complete audiograms in the dataset were labelled. Missing thresholds at the remaining frequencies were then predicted using the CA and ML in each simulation. The accuracy of the ML algorithm was determined by comparing the median average absolute threshold differences between the CA and ML using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The reliability between runs of the ML was also assessed with Cronbach’s alphas.

Results

The median average absolute threshold differences in ML (5–8 dBHL) were statistically significantly lower than those in CA (6.25–10 dBHL) in all six simulations (p value < 0.05). The ML algorithm was also found to be reliable to predict the audiograms in all six simulations (α > 0.9).

Conclusion

Using the ML to predict the children’s audiograms was reliable and more accurate than using the CA.

Keywords:

• Audiogram
• artificial intelligence
• computational audiology
• digital hearing health care
• hearing-impaired children
• machine learning

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Alan Geater for his helpful advice on the statistical analysis.

To visit the website or download the app of audiogram prediction using the ML, please visit https://otology-audiology.web.app/ or download the app via https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.audiogram.

Disclosure statement

None to declare.

Additional information

Funding

The research was supported with a grant from the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.