Application of phytoaccumulation perspective of Monochoria hastate L. on fluoride contaminated water in hydroponic treatment: its statistical design and characterization studies

Abstract

The present research work approaches the accumulation of fluoride ions from contaminated water using an aquatic plant Monochoria hastate L. in hydroponic culture. A design of experiment (DOE) has been adopted and an analysis of variance has been conducted to establish the statistical significance of various process parameters. The different experimental factors are root and shoot (Factor A), fluoride concentration (Factor B), and experimental days (Factor C) largely influence the output response. Plants treated with 5 mg/L of fluoride solutions accumulated the highest concentration in root biomass 1.23 mg/gm, and shoot biomass 0.820 mg/gm, dry weight after 21 days’ experimentation. The accumulation mechanism and potentiality of treated plants depend on root cells of the plasma membrane and energy-capturing molecules of adenosine triphosphate. Monochoria hastate L. root biomass was characterized to confirm the accumulation of fluoride ions in the experimented plants using scanning electron micrographs-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR) analysis.

NOVELTY STATEMENT

The novelty of this study is the high fluoride accumulation efficiency in hydroponic treatment by Monochoria hastate L an excellent choice for phytoremediation technique. The Design of Experiment (DOE) has a good approach for the optimization of fluoride in the accumulation process. The maximum absorption of fluoride ions in root biomass is 1.23 mg/gm, and shoot biomass is 0.820 mg/gm, dry weight after 21 days of treatment. To know the fluoride ions in shoot and root biomass are characterized using scanning electron micrographs-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR).

Keywords:

• Characterization
• fluoride
• Monochoria hastate L
• phytoaccumulation
• statistical analysis

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Prof. S. K. Tripathy, Vice-Chancellor, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, and Centre of Excellence, Odisha Higher Education Programme for Excellence and Equity (OHEPEE) assisted by the World Bank Project for contributing monetary assistance and necessary provisions to perform the present research work.

Ethical approval

Present research work has been the application of phytoaccumulation perspective of Monochoria hastate L. on fluoride contaminated water in hydroponic treatment: Its statistical design and characterization studies. The communicated manuscript does not involve the use of any animal or human data or tissue. So “Not applicable” in this section.

Consent for publication

This manuscript does not contain data from any individual person. So “Not applicable” in this section.

Authors’ contributions

Anil Kumar Giri, Prakash Chandra Mishra, Ranindra Kumar Nayak, and Surjendu Kumar Dey helped with the preparation of the manuscript, contribution to sample preparation, experimental setup, and experimental analysis as well as help in the preparation of the manuscript. Anil Kumar Giri has contributed to all instrumental characterization and analysis of the material as well as manuscript writing, checking, and preparation of all figures and tables. Finally, all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).