Association between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and depression outpatient visits in cold seasons: a time-series analysis in northwestern China

ABSTRACT

Depression is known to be one of the most common mental disorders raising global concerns. However, evidence regarding the association between short-term air pollution exposure and risk of development of depression is limited. The aim of this was to assess the relationship between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and depression in outpatient visits in Xi’an, a northwestern Chinese metropolis. Data for air pollutants including particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels from October 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 and number of daily depression outpatient visits (92,387 in total) were collected. A time-series quasi-Poisson regression model was adopted to determine the association between short-term air pollutant concentrations and frequency of outpatient visits for depression with different lag models. Consequently, 10 μg/m³ increase of SO₂ and NO₂ levels corresponded to significant elevation in number of outpatient-visits for depression on concurrent days (lag 0), and this relationship appeared stronger in cool seasons (October to March). However, the association of PM₁₀ was only significant in males aged 30–50 at lag 0. Evidence indicated that short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants especially in cool seasons might be associated with increased risk of outpatient visits for depression.

KEYWORDS:

• Depression
• outpatient visits
• short-term ambient air pollution
• time-series study
• season

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Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Science-Health Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing under 2018MSXM088 and Outstanding Talent Support Program of Army Medical University