Experimental Methodology to Optimize Power Flow in Utility Grid with Integrated Renewable Energy and Storage Devices Using Hidden Markov Model

Abstract

A continuous energy supply to the load side is required by modern power systems. This calls for a sound understanding of how to forecast load demand in the present and the future with the least degree of inaccuracy. Typically, a sequential method with two steps—forecasting and optimization—is used to derive judgments from data. For achieving this goal, optimized power flow is focused in this paper through load forecasting, mode selection, and optimization of power forecasting. Firstly, load forecasting is implemented using time series, and economic and weather-related information for the different consumer’s load. Then mode selection is implemented using Hidden Markov Model that determines the requested load for grid-connected or RES mode. When composite RES is developed, the percentage of serviced load rises as more renewable energy sources are added. Following the implementation of the consumer load and mode selection, optimization is used to improve the power flow. The empirical findings show enhanced prescriptive performance when compared to answers found in single- and multi-household contexts. Also, we offer insightful information on how explaining performance is described.

Keywords:

• grid connected renewable energy systems
• hidden Markov model
• optimum power flow
• deep reinforcement learning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

There is no acknowledgment involved in this work.

ETHICAL APPROVAL

No participation of humans takes place in this implementation process.

HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS

No violation of Human and Animal Rights is involved.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally to this work.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Additional information

Funding

No funding is involved in this work.

Notes on contributors

T. S. Karthik

T. S. Karthik started his career as General BTS Engineer, MM communications Limited, in Chennai. He has good exposure in technical problems solving procedure for BTS, and familiar with base station Hardware (GSM). Gained good knowledge of GSM-BSS and BTS Interfaces. Due to his keen interest and more contribution in BTS section, promoted as Senior General BTS, MM communications Limited, in Chennai. His responsibilities for BTS/BSC external alarm installation and Maintenance the Nortel BTs & BSC equipment for BSNL providing a capacity of 350 sites in Chennai-BSNL Circle. Also coordinated with various issues like OMC, TCU, OMCR terminal with sites engineers in Bangalore telecom sites. Joined as Teaching Research Associate in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at College of Engineering Guindy Campus, Anna University, Chennai. He received his Ph.D. in the Faculty of Information & Communication under the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering from College of Engineering Guindy Campus, Anna University, Chennai in 2015. Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India. He made out outstanding contributions in the area of Three-Dimensional Integrated circuits (3D-IC’S) and Clocking which are applicable to the analytical gate area model it drives to transistor sizing and leads to very minimal gate area. The findings had immediate implications in studies that detect the defects faster, variation in their delay, sampling their limits, accuracy in estimating the vital parameters for fabrication. He contributed more than 50 International Journal, 11 National/International Conference, 5 Patents, and served as Chief editor for Book chapter. He authored a book on Digital Electronics: Theory and Practice and Internet of Things-Case Study and its Applications published recently. Chaired a session & Resource person in various international conferences and served as expert member for External Academic Audit Inspection in various Autonomous bodies. He received awards from several organizations in recognition of her academic and research work in the products and their Innovation Ideas. Interacting with industries for Joint research activities in the technical chapters and society. Participated more activities like “R & D Project Proposals-Awareness, Needs and Benefits” & “Mobile Applications Developers”-Organized by Russian Centre of science & Culture, Chennai. And then, his ability and strength make him to great position and secured awards like, GreenThinkerZ - Bright Educator, Outstanding Engineer & Promising Researcher and I2OR - Outstanding Educator & Bright Researcher Award for outstanding contribution in the field Computational VLSI, in the year 2017. Awarded BTVI - Life Time Achievement in Health Care; a Product development on monitoring and assessing the depression – MDD under the Cognitive Science, held at Taj hotel, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, on 16-19 September 2019. Also, “Best Researcher Award” in the 4th International Scientist Award on Engineering, Science, and Medicine, held on 15-16 February 2020, Chennai-India, organized by VDGOOD Professional Association. He received “Global Faculty Award 2020” in Global Faculty Conclave, conducted by AKS Education Awards, held on 11 April 2021. Recently received Young Scientist Award 2021, In recognition of his outstanding Professional & Research Achievements in the field of Engineering, Organized by Institute of Researchers - InRes is a unit of ISPL-Govt of India with U74999KL2018PTC056091 on 16th June 2021.

D. Kamalakkannan

D. Kamalakkannan received his B.E degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the University of Mangalore, India in the year 1994. He completed his M.Tech degree in Biomedical Instrumentation from the University of Mysore, India in the year 1997 and Ph.D degree in Information and Communication Engineering from the Anna University in 2019. He is a Life Member of Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE).He is currently working as a Professor, in Biomedical Engineering department under affiliation to Anna University. His research interest includes signal processing and Mobile Adhoc Network, Wireless sensor networks.

S. Murugesan

S. Murugesan B.E, M.E, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering from 2022. He completed his B.E (Computer Science and Engineering) Degree from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli and M.E (Systems Engineering and Operations Research) Degree from Anna University, Chennai. He received a Ph.D. degree from Anna University, Chennai in the area of Clinical Data Mining. He has 8 years industrial experience, 7 years teaching experience and 2 years research experience. He has published papers various national and international journals. He has participated in numerous FDPs and workshops related in his area of interest. He is a member of several professional societies including ISTE, IAENG, and CSTA. His areas of interest include Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Bioinspired Computing and Database systems.

Jyoti Prasad Patra

Jyoti Prasad Patra born at the temple city Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India on 12th September 1965. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India in 1988 and received his Master’s degree in Electrical Power System from IASE University, Rajasthan, India in 2008. He was awarded the Ph.D. in electrical engineering from SOA University Bhubaneswar Odisha in the year 2013. He was a former Senior Scientific Officer-II of the Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India. He has been in technical education profession since more than 22 years, as a full-time faculty. He is presently the Professor Head EE and EEE at Krupajal Engineering College KEC (BTech and MTech), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. His industrial experience of more than 5 years exists in prominent industries like Ferro-alloys Plant from ELKEM, NORWAY, Thermal Power Plant from ASEA BROWN BOVERI, SWEDEN, Hydro Power Plant, Advanced Light Helicopters and Aero Engines Factory of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Ministry of Defence, Bangalore, India. Presently he has Ph.D Thesis Examined:- 02, No. of Indian Patents Published:- 23, No. of international awards received:- 01, No. of text books published:- 05, No. of E-Books Published:- 01, Publications in journals:- 8 nos- 1 SCI+1 SCIE+ 4 Scopus +1 Web Of Science+4 International, Journal publications in pipeline:- 05 SCI + 11 Scopus, Scopus book chapter publications in pipeline - 02 Scopus, IEEE conference in pipeline – 03, Publications in national / international conferences / symposium:- 15 nos.:- 11 IEEE +1 international+ 2 national, B-Tech theses guided:- many, No. of articles reviewed in international journals (eg. Willey, Inderscience etc):- many, No. Of Additional Qualification Held:- 01(LLB), M-Tech theses guided:- 12, Short- term course / Training/FDP/STTP attended:- many, Attendance in national / international conferences / symposium:- many, Professional Body Membership (MAJOR):- life member and fellow INSTT of engineers India IEI Kolkata, India, Life Member Indian Society of Technical Education ISTE, New Delhi, Life Member of Indian Science Congress Association ISCA, Kolkata, India.

Md. Abul Ala Walid

Md. Abul Ala Walid received his B.Sc. Engineering degree from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh, in Computer Science and Engineering, and completed Masters in Applied Statistics and Data Science from Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, in Applied Statistics and Data Science. His areas of interest in research include Computer Vision, Biomedical Image Processing, Clinical Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.

Kalagotla Chenchireddy

Kalagotla Chenchireddy is received the B-Tech and M-tech from JNTU Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, in 2011 and 2013 respectively and pursuing Ph.D. in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, TN, India. He is working presently as Assistant Professor in Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. He has presented technical papers in various National and International Conferences. He published papers in various international journals. He is regular reviewer ISA Transactions, Cybernetics and Systems SCIE and IJPEDS journals. His area of interest includes Power Electronics, Power quality; Multilevel inverters.

Syed Musthafa A

Syed Musthafa A, B.Tech., M.E, Ph.D. is currently working as Professor, Department of Information Technology, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, Anna University, Chennai, India. He received his B.Tech., Degree in Information Technology discipline from Anna University Chennai, and his Master’s Degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Anna University Trichy. He completed Ph.D in Information and Communication Engineering from Anna University Chennai. He has more than 16 years of experience in teaching. He has published more than 30 papers in national and international conferences and journals and 5 patents. He is also a member of professional bodies like ISTE and IAENG. He has guided more than 12 PG students for their project. His Research Interests includes Network Security, Data Mining, Image Processing, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning and deep learning.

B. Jagadish Kumar

B. Jagadish Kumar is currently working as Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, Telangana, India. He obtained his Phd from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad in the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2020. He did his First Degree in B.Tech Electrical & Electronics Engineering in 2002 from Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science (KITSW), Warangal, Telangana, India. He also obtained his Master of Technology in Power and Industrial Drives from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur in 2005. His areas of interests are Power Electronics, Drives, Control systems and Electrical machines.