State of the Art Review of Islanding Detection Methods for Integrated Distributed Generation System

Abstract

Renewable energy technologies (RET) are expanding over the globe to fulfill the world’s overall energy requirement. The main issue following the adoption of RET into power system network is an electrical islanding. It causes voltage, frequency, current, phase angle, power and harmonic content deviation outside the allowable limits, which may be hazardous to both connected apparatus and customers. It should be noticed within 2 s, according to Distributed Generation (DG) IEEE 1547 interconnection specifications. This research examines several islanding recognition strategies for improving the solidity of utility-connected DG. It will assist potential scholars in choosing the optimum islanding recognition technique with less non-detection zone (NDZ). The comparative assessment of various detection parameters analyzed in terms of NDZ, power quality issues and number of DG networks used. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of twenty passive methods carried out for low power mismatch cases like load switching and different fault cases, and the best methods for future islanding detection are recommended.

Keywords:

• Remote islanding detection
• local islanding detection
• non-detection zone
• distributed generation
• sensitivity analysis

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figure 27. Performance of ROCORVORP, ROCOPSVAC, hybrid ROCOF and ROCONSV techniques.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) [RS-2023-00249376]. The authors would also extend their sincere appreciation to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) for their financial support, as evidenced by File Number CRG/2020/001120. This support has played a crucial role in facilitating and advancing our research endeavors.

Notes on contributors

Ch. Rami Reddy

Ch. Rami Reddy (Member, IEEE) received the B.Tech degree in electrical and electronics engineering and the M.Tech degree in electrical machines and drives from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from K. L. University, Andhra Pradesh, in 2022. He completed his post-doctoral fellowship (PDF) in electrical engineering with the National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India in 2023. Currently, he is working as PDF in power systems research laboratory at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea. Dr. Reddy current research interests include integrated renewable energy systems, distributed generation, FACTS devices, and power converters applications to energy systems. He is a subject editor in Energies, Frontiers in Energy Research and many SCIE journals.

Joon-Ho Choi

Joon-Ho Choi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1996, 1998, and 2002, respectively. Since 2003, he has been a Professor with Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea. His research interests include operation and integration and control strategies of distributed generation, distribution automation, and modeling and operation algorithms of the smart grid. Dr. Choi is a Life Member of the KIEE and The Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers, and a Committee Member of IBS Korea. Since 2004, he has been an Associate Editor for the Transactions of the KIEE.

Obbu Chandra Sekhar

Obbu Chandra Sekhar is presently, working as an Associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the National Institute of Technology Delhi, India. He completed his Ph.D in Power Electronics and Drives from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India in 2014. He published more than 10 SCIE Indexed and 35 Scopus Indexed papers. He was selected for the Young Scientist award by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Government of India and he received Rs. 34/- lakhs as a fellowship amount for his research activity in the field of Power Electronics. He has two patents on sensor less control for BLDC and SRM Motors. He authored a textbook on Electrical Machines, jointly with Dr. M. Ramamorty which is published by PHI in 2017. He had guided four PhD’s and eight PhD scholars are pursuing their research work under his guidance. His area of interest includes Micro Grids, Power Electronics, Power Semi-Conductor Drives, Multi-level Inverter Topologies and Modulation techniques, Special Machines and Control.

Ilhami Colak

Ilhami Colak was born in 1962 in Turkey. He received his diploma in Electrical Engineering from Gazi University, Turkey in 1985. Then he did his MSc in Electrical Engineering in the field of Speed Control of Wound Rotor Induction Machines Using Semiconductor Devices at Gazi University in 1991. After that he did his MPhil at Birmingham University in England by preparing a thesis on High Frequency Resonant DC Link Inverters in 1991. Finally, he did his PhD at Aston University in England on Mixed Frequency Testing of Induction Machines Using Inverters in 1994. He became an assistant professor, an associate professor and a full professor in 1995, 1999 and 2005 respectively. He has published more 450 journal and conference papers, 7 books in different subjects, including electrical machines, drive systems, control, machine learning, reactive power compensation, inverter, converter, artificial neural networks, distance learning automation and alternating energy sources. More than 288 of his papers have been cited in SCI. His papers have received more than 2903 citations by 2600 papers. His Thomson Reuters h-index is 27 and average citation per paper is 10.85. He published more than 400 papers in SCOPUS. h-index is 34. His papers have received 4900 citations from 4090 documents. He supervised 23 MSc students and 14 PhD students. He is a senior member of IEEE, member of IES, IAS, PELS and PES. Last twenty years, he has been concentrated his studies on renewable energy and smart grids by publishing papers, journals (www.ijrer.org) (www.ijSmartGrid.orgg) and organizing international IEEE sponsored conferences (www.icrera.org), (icSmartGrid.org). He also spent around 3 years at European Commission Research Centre (JRC) in Netherlands. He served as the head of department, dean and vice rector at Gazi University, Istanbul Gelisim University and Nisantasi University. He is currently a full professor at Nisantasi University and also vice-rector, and dean of engineering faculty. Professor COLAK achieved a great success of 10% by being included in the “World’s Most Influential Scientists” 2% list, which was created USA Stanford University considering the “Works of the Year 2020-2021-2022-2023”.

Muhammad Khalid

Muhammad Khalid received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the School of Electrical Engineering Telecommunications (EET), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, in 2011. He was initially a Postdoctoral Research Fellow, for three years, and then he continued as a Sr. Research Associate with the Australian Energy Research Institute, School of EET, UNSW, for two years. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. He is also a Research Affiliate with the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS) and the SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. He has authored/coauthored several journal and conference papers in the field of control and optimization for renewable power systems. In addition, he has been a reviewer for numerous international journals and conferences. He was a recipient of a highly competitive post-doctoral writing fellowship from UNSW, in 2010. He was a recipient of many academic awards and research fellowships. His research interests include the optimization and control of battery energy storage systems for large-scale grid-connected renewable power plants (particularly wind and solar), distributed power generation and dispatch, hybrid energy storage, hydrogen systems, EVs, AI, machine learning, and smart grids.