Muffle atmosphere promoted fabrication of graphene oxide nanoparticle by agricultural waste

Abstract

Graphene is a radiant star in the field of nanomaterials. It has gained prominent interest since of its very good mechanical, thermal, optical and electronic possessions. The basic chemical reaction elaborate in the Hummer’s method was the oxidation of graphite, during which harmful toxic gases used to emit. Nowadays green chemistry is blossoming in the field of nanomaterial. In present work, we fabricate graphene oxide (GO) through different agricultural wastes i.e., Rice bran (RB), Sugarcane bagasse (SB), Orange peel (OP), and mixture of all these three wastes i.e., tricomposite agro waste (TAW) were mixed with ferrocene which gave electron transfer reaction to synthesized GO and compared it. At last, we concluded that particle size obtained for OPGO (23.99 nm) > graphite (17.17 nm) > SBGO (15.5 nm) > RBGO (2.235 nm) > TAWGO (1.77 nm). These green strategies are biocompatible and cost effective too. Basic information of GO crystal was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for determination of crystal structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological study, high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HRTEM) used for determine particle size, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for functional group detection, thermogravametric analysis (TGA)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) for determine thermal stability of GO.

Keywords:

• Graphene oxide
• green route
• agro wastes
• muffle atmosphere

Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF) at STIC, Kochi for providing sample analysis facilities. Sincere thanks to department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg (C.G.) for their basic instrumental facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Chhattisgarh council of science and technology (CCOST), Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India (Reference no. 2094/CCOST/MRP/2017).