Genetic diversity of selected basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes based on morphological, yield, and leaf color parameters

ABSTRACT

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an aromatic plant used in foods, pharmaceuticals, and in cosmetics. In this study, the morphology and yield of 17 different basil genotypes and three cultivars (Moonlight, Midnight, and Dino) from Türkiye were analyzed in 2019 and 2020. A wide range of variations in plant height, number of branches, and weights of fresh and dry herbs weights were observed. The genotypes PI 531,396 from Hungary, PI 174,284 from Türkiye, PI 253,157 from Iran, and the Dino cultivar had the highest plant yield compared with the other genotypes and cultivars. The leaf color parameters (L*, a*, b* C*, H° and WI) were also determined for the plants. The highest lightness (L*) values were recorded in the PI 190,100 genotype, and the highest yellowness/blueness (b*) and hue angle (H°) values were recorded in the PI 207,498 genotype. The highest redness/greenness (a*), chroma (C*), and whiteness index (WI) values were recorded in the PI 197,442, PI 190,100, and PI 531,396 genotypes, respectively. Except for the L* values, the leaf color parameters clustered on the same side of the principal component analysis (PCA) axis. Dendrogram analysis divided the genotypes and cultivars into two main groups, and the main A group contained the cultivar Dino only. Therefore, the study identified important genotypic characteristics of the examined basil genotypes and cultivars that could be utilized to develop new cultivars.

KEYWORDS:

• Variation
• principal component analysis
• dendrogram analysis
• labiatae
• agronomy

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Author contibutions

GY and MC carried out the field measurements, performed the statistical analysis. GY conceived the study, and GY and MC wrote the article.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2024.2336262

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye [Project code: 219O524] [TUBITAK].

Notes on contributors

Gulsum Yaldiz

Prof. Dr. Gülsüm Yaldiz graduated from Faculty of Agriculture in Cukurova University and get BSc degree in 2001. She obtained her Ph.D. degree in 2008 from Department of Field Crops, Cukurova University. She is positioned as Professor Doctor, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture in Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. Her mainly subjects of interest are good agricultural practices, natural medicinal product, biological and chemical properties of plants.

Mahmut Camlica

Mahmut Çamlica is presently working as Assistant Professor Doctor at the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture in Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. His studies mainly focused on the natural medicinal and aromatic plant product.