Occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Plants and Soil Fertilized with Sewage Sludge and Phosphogypsum

ABSTRACT

The colonization of soil and roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the formation of spores under the influence of fertilization with phosphogypsum and sewage sludge were examined. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was carried out in soil and in roots of outdoor experimental hemp plantation.

Assessment of the colonization was carried out by molecular and microscopic methods. The material for the isolation of DNA consisted of soil samples taken from mycorrhizal soil and hemp roots of cv. Białobrzeskie, cv. Tygra, and cv. Beniko. In nested PCR reactions part of the small subunit (SSU) region, the region of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of large subunit (LSU) rDNA region were amplified.

As a result of the cloning and sequencing of the DNA, it was found that the greatest similarity of the obtained sequences present in the samples of roots and soil was to the following species: Diversispora sp., Funneliformis sp., Glomus sp., Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus caledonium, Funneliformis geosporum, Glomus occultum. The colonization by the fungi was estimated and found to differ depending on the hemp cultivar and doses of fertilizers.

Cultivar Tygra showed no negative impact on biomass production by intensive mycorrhization, proved its high tolerance to phosphogypsum and sewage sludge pollution, and responded positively regarding biomass production.

摨要

研究了丛枝菌根真菌对土壤和根系的定植，以及磷石膏和污水污泥对土壤和根系孢子形成的影响.对室外实验性大麻人工林土壤和根系中丛枝菌根真菌进行了鉴定.

通过分子和微观方法对定植进行了评估.DNA的分离材料是从植物的菌根和大麻根中提取的土壤样品 cv. Białobrzeskie，cv.Tyra和 cv.Beniko. 在小亚基（SSU）区域的套式PCR反应中，扩增了内转录间隔子（ITS）区域和部分大亚基（LSU）RDNA区域.

通过对DNA的克隆和测序，我们发现在根和土壤样本中获得的序列与以下物种最相似：Diversispora sp., Funneliformis sp., Glomus sp., Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus caledonium, Funneliformis geosporum, Glomus occultum. 据估计，真菌的定殖作用随大麻品种和肥料用量的不同而不同.

品种Tygra对菌根集约化生产的生物量无负面影响，对磷石膏和污水污泥污染有很高的耐受性，对生物量生产有积极的响应.

KEYWORDS:

• Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
• biomass production
• Cannabis sativa
• hemp
• mycorrhizal frequency
• soil contamination

关键词:

• 丛枝菌根真菌
• 生物质生产
• 大麻
• 大麻
• 菌根频率
• 土壤污染

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the European Social Fund [POKL.04.03.00-00-042/12-00];