Tailoring Chemical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose Nanocrystals via Phosphorylation Method

ABSTRACT

In this work, three different concentrations of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) were used (i.e. 5 M, 8 M, and 11 M) to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (hereafter labeled as 5-PCNC, 8-PCNC and 11-PCNC, respectively) from sugarcane bagasse. The PCNC was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From TEM and XRD results, it was found that the morphology and crystallinity index of the PCNC was influenced by the different concentration of phosphoric acid. FTIR and XPS results indicate that self-interaction of CNC occurs via P–O–P linkages. These data are important for PCNC selection in application; one may consider the aspect ratio (5-PCNC could be a good choice); while other may require higher crystallinity index (8-PCNC and 11-PCNC could be a good candidate).

摘要

本文采用三种不同浓度的磷酸（H₃PO₄）从甘蔗渣中分离出纤维素纳米晶（分别标记为5-PCNC、8-PCNC和11-PCNC）。采用透射电镜（TEM）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射（XRD）对PCNC进行了分析。TEM和XRD结果表明，磷酸浓度对PCNC的形貌和结晶指数有影响。FTIR和XPS结果表明，CNC通过P-O-P键发生自相互作用。这些数据对于PCNC的选择具有重要的应用价值，一方面可以考虑长径比（5-PCNC是一个很好的选择），另一方面可能需要更高的结晶度指数（8-PCNC和11-PCNC是一个很好的候选）。

KEYWORDS:

• Sugarcane bagasse
• cellulose nanocrystals
• acid hydrolysis
• phosphoric acid
• phosphorylation
• self-interaction

关键词:

• 关键词
• 甘蔗渣
• 纤维素纳米晶
• 酸水解
• 磷酸
• 自我互动

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Universiti Sains Malaysia (Research University Grant) [grant number 1001/PBAHAN/8014024].