Effect of Vascular Tissue on Mechanical Properties of Fibrovascular Bundles of Salacca Sumatrana Becc. Fronds

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effect of vascular tissues on the mechanical properties of fibrovascular bundle (FVB) of Salaccca sumatrana Becc. fronds. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus have been analyzed for understanding the influence of anatomical and physical properties. The anatomical properties along the transversal direction of FVB were analyzed, including the total transverse area (TTA), vascular tissue area (VTA), and non-vascular tissue area (nVTA). The relationship between the VTA:TTA ratio and mechanical properties has been evaluated via light microscopy and analyzed using an Image-J software. The results show that there is a correlation between the VTA:TTA ratio and density of FVB. The diameter, density, and VTA:TTA ratio show a correlation with the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties degrade with an increase in the diameter and VTA:TTA ratio. In contrast, they are enhanced with an increase in the density of FVB. Based on the result, it was concluded that there were strong correlations of the density and ratio VTA:TTA with the mechanical properties. However, the diameter has a weak correlation with the mechanical properties.

摘要

本研究探讨了血管组织对苏门答腊腊肠纤维维管束 (FVB) 力学性能的影响复叶. 为了了解解剖和物理特性的影响, 对拉伸强度和杨氏模量进行了分析. 分析FVB横切面上的解剖特征, 包括总横切面面积 (TTA)、血管组织面积 (VTA) 和非血管组织面积 (nVTA). 通过光学显微镜评估VTA:TTA比率与机械性能之间的关系, 并使用形象-J软件进行分析. 结果表明, VTA:TTA比值与FVB密度之间存在相关性. 直径、密度和VTA:TTA比显示出与机械性能的相关性. 随着直径和VTA:TTA比的增加, 材料的力学性能下降. 相反, 它们随着FVB密度的增加而增强. 结果表明, 密度和VTA:TTA比值与材料的力学性能有很强的相关性. 然而, 直径与机械性能的相关性较弱.

KEYWORDS:

• Salacca
• fibrovascular bundles
• frond
• vascular tissue
• mechanical properties

关键词:

• 萨拉卡
• 纤维维管束
• 叶片
• 维管组织
• 力学性能

Research highlights

Fibrovascular bundle (FVB) is defined as a cell tissue in monocot plants consisting of fibers, xylem, phloem and axial parenchyma which bind to one another to form bundles. Salacca frond is one of the material contains fibrovascular bundles.

Objectives of this research

This study aims to clarify the influence of the diameter and vascular tissue on the mechanical properties of the FVB in S. sumatrana frond.

Result and conclusions

1. Both the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of fibrovascular bundle (FVB) of salacca frond were linearly increased from the inner section to the outer section.

2. The influencing factors of the mechanical properties of FVBs were the proportion of the vascular and non-vascular tissues present that correlates with the variation in density.

3. The density of the FVB has more influence on the mechanical properties, compared with the diameter of FVB.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia, for the doctoral scholarship by Beasiswa Unggulan Dosen Indonesia - Dalam Negeri (BUDI-DN) scheme (Awardee No: 20161141030090), and Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher education, Republic of Indonesia.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia [Awardee No: 20161141030090].