Characterization of Indonesian Banana Species as an Alternative Cellulose Fibers

ABSTRACT

The pseudostem of banana (Musa sp.) has a high value for fiber. In this study, we characterized two wild Musa acuminata, i.e., ssp. malaccensis (LIPI-030) (M1) and var. breviformis (LIPI-218) (M3), an accession of diploid M. acuminata cultivar “Pisang Rejang” (LIPI-048) (M2) and one accession M. balbisiana “Pisang Klutuk” (LIPI-054) (M4) for its chemical (including Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) ratio) physical and mechanical properties, fiber analysis, morphological analysis, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal analysis. As a result, there are variations in chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, fiber length and diameter, crystallinity, and thermal analysis behavior for each banana species. “Pisang Klutuk” showed the most different characteristics compared to others. The cellulose content of all banana fibers has a close correlation with their tensile strength. Based on the fiber properties evaluation, var. breviformis (M3) has a tensile strength of 459.99 MPa, cellulose content of 33.30%, degree of crystallinity of 45.23%, degree of polymerization of 1199.15, and S/G ratio of 0.39 that suggested the most potential banana for fiber with high strength. The lignin S/G ratio of banana samples (M1-M2) showed a positive correlation with the degree of crystallinity and tensile strength, while it had a negative one with tensile modulus and strain. This study presented the importance of the S/G ratio and fiber properties that may aid the future application of Indonesian fiber in biomass conversion strategies.

摘要

香蕉假茎（Musa sp）具有很高的纤维价值. 在这项研究中，我们描述了两种野生尖吻木瓜，即ssp. Malacsensis （LIPI-030）（M1）和短叶形变种（LIPI-218）（M3），二倍体尖峰草品种“Pisang Rejang”（LIPI-048）（M2）的一个加入FF0C以及巴尔比西亚草品种“Pisang Klutuk”（LIPI-054）（M4）的一个加入，因为其化学成分（包括丁香基（S）和愈创木酰（G）比率）物理和机械性能、纤维分析、形态分析、官能团、结晶度，和热分析. 因此，每个香蕉品种的化学、物理和机械性能、纤维长度和直径、结晶度和热分析行为都存在差异. “Pisang Klutuk”表现出与其他人最不同的特征. 所有香蕉纤维的纤维素含量都与其拉伸强度密切相关. 根据纤维性能评估，短形变种（M3）的抗拉强度为 459.99 MPa，纤维素含量为 33.30%，结晶度为 45.23%，S/G 比为 0.39，TGA 分析的剩余重量为18.46%，这表明香蕉是最有潜力的高强度纤维.

KEYWORDS:

• Wild banana
• fiber extraction
• fiber properties
• high strength
• S/G ratio S/G

关键词:

• 野香蕉
• 纤维提取
• 纤维特性
• 高强度
• 比

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Productive-Innovative Research Program (RISPRO) by Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP), Ministry of Finance in a collaboration with Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (Kemenristek-BRIN), under the National Research Priority (PRN) program (grant number 273/E1/PRN/2020 and B-4528/IPH/KS.02.04/VII/2020).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Finance in a collaboration with Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (Kemenristek-BRIN) [273/E1/PRN/2020,B-4528/IPH/KS.02.04/VII/2020].