Impact Performance of Three-dimensional Woven Composites with Novel Binding Yarn Patterns

ABSTRACT

This research offered an experimental examination of the effect of binder yarns, and 3D woven patterns on impact (Charpy and drop weight impact), and compression after impact (CAI) performance of seven (07) different kinds of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites. Along with four (04) typical classifications of 3D woven reinforcements i.e., OLL, OTT, ALL, ATT, and three (03) novel (hybrid) 3D reinforcements i.e., H1 (OTT and ATT interlocking pattern), H2 (OTT and ALL interlocking pattern), H3 (OLL warp and weft interlocks “bidirectional”) were also developed on dobby weaving machine. OTT composite displayed the highest amount of impact strength during Charpy impact in both in-plane directions i.e., warp and weft in comparison with others due to the existence of the truly vertical binder yarns which is comparable with H1. While ALL sample exhibited the highest value of maximum load, work done, and energy absorbed during the 3 J and 6 J drop weight impact energies which is nearest comparable with hybrid 3 (H3) composite. H3 composite sample revealed the highest value of compression after impact (CAI) stress and modulus in both energy levels due to the presence of both warp and weft binder yarns in a single 3D structure.

摘要

本研究对七 (07) 种不同类型的3D机织黄麻/绿色环氧树脂复合材料的粘合纱和3D机织图案对冲击 (夏比冲击和落锤冲击) 和冲击后压缩 (CAI) 性能的影响进行了实验研究. 此外, 在多臂织机上还开发了四 (04) 种典型的三维机织增强材料, 即OLL, OTT, ALL, ATT, 以及三 (03) 种新型 (混合) 三维增强材料, 即H1 (OTT和ATT互锁图案), H2 (OTT和所有互锁图案), H3 (OLL经纬双向互锁). 由于存在与H1相当的真正垂直粘合纱线, OTT复合材料在平面内两个方向 (即经纱和纬纱) 的夏比冲击期间显示出最高的冲击强度. 而在3 J和6 J落锤冲击能量期间, 所有样品的最大载荷, 所做功和吸收的能量都达到了最高值, 这与H3复合材料最接近. H3复合材料样品在两种能量水平下均显示出最高的冲击后压缩 (CAI) 应力和模量值, 这是因为在单个3D结构中同时存在经纱和纬纱粘合剂.

KEYWORDS:

• 3D woven hybrid interlock
• bidirectional interlock
• jute/epoxy
• composites
• charpy
• drop weight impact
• compression after impact

Keywords:

• 关键词: 3D编织混合互锁
• 双向联锁
• 黄麻/环氧树脂
• 复合材料
• 夏比落锤冲击
• 冲击后压缩

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Highlights

• OTT from four basic types of 3D and H1 from hybrid composites showed the highest and comparable impact strength during Charpy impact test in both warp and weft directions as compared to the other 3D composites.

• ALL and H3 composite samples showed the highest and comparable values of maximum force versus displacement and time, work done, and energy absorbed during the 3 J and 6 J drop weight impact energies as compared to the other 3D woven composites.

• Work done and energy absorbed values were increased with the increase of impact energy from 3 J to 6 J.

• H3 composite showed the highest value of CAI stress and modulus after drop weight impact test at both 3 J and 6 J energy levels due to hybrid warp and weft binder yarns.

• Also, with increase of impacted energy from 3 J to 6 J residual strength and modulus values were decreased.

Additional information

Funding

This research work was funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under National Research Program for Universities (NRPU-12477)