Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Jatropha curcas seed cake extract and characterization: evaluation of its antibacterial activity

ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles synthesis using biological methods is gaining importance over the physicochemical methods because of its nontoxic nature and less environmental burden. In this paper, we report the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from its precursor salt AgNO_3, using Jatropha curcas seed cake extract, which will provide value addition to the byproduct of the biodiesel industry. Jatropha curcas seed oil is usually used as a source for biodiesel production as fatty acyl methyl esters (FAME). Jatropha curcas seed cake extract was screened for phytochemicals present in it which may help in reducing the precursor metal salt to nanoparticles as well as coat around the nanoparticles, thereby increasing their stability. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and terpenoids in the extract. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM and FTIR. The Uv-visible spectroscopic analysis confirmed the production of silver nanoparticles at 400–460 nm, where the colour change in the solution from pale yellow to brown indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. SEM image showed the size of the AgNPs ranged from 80 nm to 95 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the capping of nanoparticles with organic residues like, proteins, amino acids, and polyphenols present in the extract, which led to increased stabilization of nanoparticles. Negative zeta values indicated the stability of nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were tested for their antibacterial activity against both Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria with known antibiotic as a control. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed significantly high bacteriostatic effect.

KEYWORDS:

• Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs)
• silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
• Jatropha curcas seed cake extract
• biosynthesis
• antibacterial activity

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sneha Nayak

Sneha Nayak serves as Assistant Professor in Department of Biotechnology Engineering at NMAMIT Nitte since 2013. She has worked as Assistant lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering,NITK Surathkal from August 2012 to December 2012. She is currently pursuing her PhD (part-time) under VTU Belgaum under the guidance of Dr Shyama Prasad Sajankila, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology Engineering at NMAMIT Nitte. Her research areas of interest include Environmental Bioremediation using bionanotechnology.

Shyama Prasad Sajankila

Shyama Prasad Sajankila serves as Associate Professor in Department of Biotechnology Engineering at NMAMIT Nitte since 2013. Having completed his PhD in Genetic Toxicology under Mangalore University in 2003, he worked as Postdoctoral Fellow in Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington DC. He has several publications in national and international journals and conferences. His areas of research include Nanobiotechnology, Toxicology, Molecular Biology and Bioremediation.

C. Vaman Rao

C.Vaman. Rao serves as Professor and Head in Department of Biotechnology Engineering at NMAMIT Nitte since 2007. Having completed his PhD in Biochemistry under Mumbai University in 1987, he worked as Postdoctoral Fellow in University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson from 1989-1991. He has several publications in national and international journals and conferences. His areas of research include Nanobiotechnology, Toxicology, Bioremediation and Biofuels.

Ashwathi R Hegde

Ashwathi R Hegde is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Pharmaceutics at Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal since 2017. She is currently pursuing her PhD under the guidance of Dr Srinivas Mutalik, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal. Her areas of research include nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery systems.

Srinivas Mutalik

Srinivas Mutalik is working as Professor in Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Scinces, MAHE, Manipal since 2010. Dr Mutalik received his PhD from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India in 2004. After working in R & D unit of a pharmaceutical company, he was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the University of Queensland, Australia from 2007 to 2010. Dr Mutalik has several publications in reputed journals. His research interests are Novel and targeted drug delivery systems and nanotechnology.