![Sample our Built Environment journals, sign in here to start your access, Latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5926/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Built-Environment.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
One of the major problems of renewable systems e.g. photovoltaic systems (PV) and Wind Turbine systems (WT) is the intermittence of their productions. Problems caused by the intermittency of these systems can be reduced by the insertion of an auxiliary energy source e.g. fuel cells, electrochemical storage, hydraulic energy storage system. Electrochemical storage is the most used solution but it suffers from several problems e.g. deep discharges, cost, cycles, oxidation, etc. To avoid these problems caused by this type of storage system, this paper proposes and analyzes the efficiency of the replacement of electrochemical storage by a hydraulic energy storage system by performing two Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) followed by a sensitivity analysis versus environmental data changes. This hydraulic system is associated to a renewable energy system WT/PV installed in the Thermal Processes Laboratory in Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn) in Borj Cedria (a typical remote area very close to the sea). The global PV-WT-Hydraulic storage system optimal sizing is needed in order to ensure continuity and reliability of electricity supply of this specific remote area.
Nomenclature
| Cen-sys | = | Energy cost (k€) |
| CTIsc | = | Temperature coefficient of the short-circuit current(%/°K) |
| Ec | = | Real solar irradiation (W/m2) |
| Eg | = | Band gap energy (eV) |
| g | = | gravitational acceleration (9.81m2/s) |
| Hmt | = | head height (m) |
| Id | = | Diode current (A) |
| Iph | = | Photo-current (A) |
| Is | = | Diode saturation current (A) |
| k | = | Boltzmann’s constant (J/K) |
| LPSP | = | Loss of Power Supply (%) |
| n | = | Diode ideality factor |
| Np | = | Number of PV modules in parallel |
| Ns | = | Number of PV cells in series |
| Pload | = | Load Power (W) |
| Ppump | = | Pumping Power (W) |
| PPV | = | Photovoltaic Power (W) |
| Ptur | = | Turbine Power (W) |
| q | = | Electron charge (C) |
| Q | = | Water volumetric flow (m3/s) |
| Rs | = | Series resistance (Ω) |
| Rsh | = | Parallel resistance (Ω) |
| SOC | = | State of charge of the reservoir |
| SPV | = | PV panel surface (m2) |
| Tc | = | Cell temperature (K) |
| Ts | = | Sampling time (hours) |
| VT | = | Thermodynamic potential (V) |
| ηinv | = | Inverter efficiency |
| ηPV | = | PV system efficiency |
| ρ | = | Water density (1000kg/m3) |
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of High Education, Research and Technology. The Project has been funded by Programme Instrument Européen de Voisinage et de Partenariat (IEVP), Coopération Transfrontalière (CT) Italie-Tunisie 2007-2013 - 2PS2.3.005 CUP: C17D13000000006 - Projet cofinancé par l’Union européenne- Programme ENPI. The authors thank very much scientific and technical team from the DEDUENERT Project and The AGC (Palermo) financial support.
Correction Statement
This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Malek Belouda
Malek Belouda was born in Siliana, Tunisia, in 1977. He received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunisia, in 2014. In 2005, he joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Institute of technological studies, as a technologist, and in 2013 became a master technologist. Since September 2015, he has been with the Department of Electromechanical Engineering, the National Engineering School of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Tunisia. Since January 2017, he has been with the Department of Industrial Information Technology Department, The Higher Institute of Information Technologies and Communication ISTIC, University of Carthage, Ben Arous, Tunisia. Currently he is a permanent researcher at the Laboratory of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies (LAPER), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia.. His current research interests include renewable energies systems optimization and management, power electronics, electrical machines and drives.
Abdelkader Mami
Abdelkader Mami received the Dissertation H.D.R. (Enabling to Direct Research) from the University of Lille, France, in 2003. He is currently a Professor with the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST) and a Member of Scientific Advisor with the Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunisia. He is the President of the thesis committee of electronics with the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis and the Director of the Laboratory of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies (LAPER), Tunis.