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ABSTRACT
In spite of industries making huge investments, for a viable energy saving, still the methods for conservation of energy are lagging and the industries are still in search for alternatives. The major concern that persists with the oil and gas operations is emission of hydrogen sulfide, frequently or inadvertently, during the initial or later stages of the process. Hence, this study focuses on the indirect electrolysis toward the recovery of sulfur and hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide using graphite as both anode and cathode with calomel as reference electrode. The recovered sulfur was analyzed using high-resolution scanning electron microscope was in range of few microns that was in agreement with the X-ray diffraction analysis confirming the crystalline orthorhombic structure of sulfur (JCPDS Card no.89–2600). The cyclic voltammetry experiment was carried out by sweeping the potential between −1.2 and +1.2 V at a scan rate of 50 mVs−1 obtaining a maximum current density of 0.41 A/cm2. Maximum deposition of sulfur observed at pH 13 with a current density of 0.23 A/cm2 and temperature 80°C. The quantity of sulfur recovered by indirect electrolysis was in the range of 2.9 mg with efficiency of 90.44%.Thus an effective method using indirect electrolysis method was successfully used to achieve crystalline sulfur and hydrogen from H2S.
Acknowledgments
The first author would also like to thank Khalifa University and The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi for providing fellowship and support for the project vide Lr. No., The Petroleum Institute Sanction Letter Dated 09-08-2014.
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Funding
Notes on contributors
J. Narendranath
J. Narendranath is pursuing Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at Anna University, Chennai, India. He has successfully completed Ph.D. internship in the Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He works in the field of energy applications under the guidance of Prof. N. Balasubramanian, Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India. Narendranath has sound knowledge in sophisticated instruments such as XRD, FT- IR, SEM and electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) by effectively employing the same for the project.
J. Manokaran
J. Manokaran is a Physical Chemistry graduate student from University of Madras in 2011. He received his Doctoral degree in the field of Electrochemistry from Anna University in 2017, under the supervision of Prof. N. Balasubramanian, focusing on electrochemical sensors for antioxidant and neurotransmitters and their real sample analysis using bimetallic nanoparticles. He is currently pursuing his postdoctoral research at same research group under the supervision of Prof. N. Balasubramanian from 2017 to till date. His current research activities are focused on key materials for the electrochemical sensors, energy studies. Presently, he works as a Chemist at Kothari Petrochemicals Ltd, Manali, Chennai.
S. Shanmuga Sundar
S. Shanmuga Sundar got his engineering in the field of Biotechnology followed by a MSc in Biotechnology from University of Hertfordshire, UK and have further successfully pursued MSRes (by research) from Anna University, India. He was awarded the “Stipendium Hungaricum Fellowship” by UGC-India and Tempus Foundation Hungary in the year 2017-18 to carry out his research work at the University of Hertfordshire, Debrecen, Hungary. Has expertise in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo and on material science and sound knowledge on materials science.
R. Muruganantham
R. Muruganantham received his Ph.D. degree in 2015 from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai (India). Subsequently, he joined as Technology Transfer Fellow at Anna University. He has been currently working as Research Professor at the Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University (The Republic of Korea) since November 2016. His current research is mainly focused on the development of nanomaterials and self-assembly strategies which are used in high-end energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electrochemical sensors. Also, he has expertise in environmental remediation applications like heavy metal and radionuclide removal.
Ahmed Al Shoaibi
Ahmed Al Shoaibi is currently an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering and the Interim Senior Vice President for Academic and Student Services at Khalifa University.He has a broad range of research interests with one common thread connecting these areas which is the innovative use of green, environmentally friendly technologies to increase energy efficiency. His research group has established a world class lab facility, the Center for Environmental and Energy Engineering (CEEE), to carry out experimental studies.
C. Srinivasakannan
C. Srinivasakannan currently serves as Professor of Chemical Engineering. His main research interest includes development of porous material/catalyst for application to different separation processes, fluidization, process modeling, simulation, optimization, energy conversion, waste water treatment.He has published numerous articles in renowned refereed journals and conference proceedings. He also delivered several presentations in international conferences and is the author of a few book chapters. Furthermore, he serves as a reviewer for number of reputable international journals.
N. Balasubramanian
N. Balasubramanian joined Anna University in August 2004 before which he worked as a Scientist at CECRI, Karaikudi. He was a postdoctoral researcher with Prof. CT Chang at the National Cheng Kung University Taiwan. He studied Chemical Engineering at CIT coimbatore, and received my M Tech and Ph.D from NIT Trichy and IIT Madras respectively. I spent two years as senior lecturer at the Monash University by availing leave from the current employer Anna University during 2008-2009. Presently, his lab is conducting research in various multidisciplinary areas in the field of energy, wastewater management, materials science and biomaterials.