An intellectual hybrid algorithm for optimal monitoring of power point in solar photovoltaic energy system-based grid network

ABSTRACT

Extraction of electrical energy through a photovoltaic (PV) system plays a vital role in this booming digital era. Maximum power tracking efficiency of PV becomes crucial on grid-connected power distribution system due to non-linearity attributes and environmental changes. To address this, an intellectual hybMaximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is outlined in this paper. The combination of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with BAT optimization algorithm frames the hybrid efficient reliable BATs (HERBS) technique in order to trade-off maximum power and time accuracy. HERBS algorithm achieves global peak within minimal time on PV arrays by optimal detection of tracking efficiency. The photovoltaic framework design includes the DC-DC converter under resistive load is reproduced in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed work is experimentally validated using ARM processor and also simulated to observe the peak power point under half shading condition. Performance of HERBS improved the tracking efficiency in an average of 98.9%, 3% more than PSO-ANN, and 7% than GA-ANN conventional methods. Moreover, the speed convergence achieved by HERBS is less than 0.5 seconds.

KEYWORDS:

• Photo voltaic system
• bat algorithm
• extreme learning machines
• detection of multiple peaks

Nomenclature

I	=	Photovoltaic Current
Iscc	=	Photovoltaic short circuit current
${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{D}}$	=	Diode Current
${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{o}}$	=	Saturation current
T	=	Cell temperature
${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}$	=	Reference irradiance
q	=	Electron charge
A	=	Ideality factor
K	=	Boltzmann constant
RS	=	Series resistance
RP	=	Shunt resistance
${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{D}}$	=	Diode Voltage
T	=	Temperature
$N_s$	=	Number of PV cells connected in series
$N_p$	=	Number of PV cells connected in parallel
$I_{rs1}$	=	Cell reverse saturation current
$B_g$	=	Energy gap
$f_L\left(k\right)$	=	Objective function of ELM
K	=	Dimension of ELM network
$\beta$	=	Output vector
J	=	No. of neurons in the unknown layer
G	=	Sigmoid activation function
H	=	Hidden matrix
${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$	=	Moore Penrose inverse
${\mathrm{C}}_1$	=	Approximate constant
$\delta$	=	Output matrix
${\mathrm{\partial }}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$	=	Minimum frequenc
${\mathrm{\partial }}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$	=	Maximum frequency
${\gamma }_{\mathrm{i}}$	=	Speed
${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{i}}$	=	Position
${\mathrm{L}}_0$	=	Loudness
E	=	Pulse rate
ω	=	Inertia weight factor
ΔP	=	acceptance power
ŋ	=	Tracking efficiency
${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{T}}$	=	Power at MPPT
${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{X}}$	=	Actual Power

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Vijayasamundiswary Somasundaram

Vijayasamundiswary Somasundaram received her Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India in 2002. Also she received her Master of Technology in Electrical Drives and Control from Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India in 2005. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D in Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India. Her research area includes renewable energy source, optimization techniques, power electronics, power quality issues, multilevel inverter etc.

Baskaran Jeevarathinam

Baskaran Jeevarathinam received his Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Madras University, Tamil Nadu, India in1997. Also he received his Master of Engineering in Power System from Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India in 2001. He Completed his Ph.D from Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India in 2006. He has been working as a Professor. He has published many research articles in reputed journals.  His research interest includes FACT devices, power converters and inverters, power quality problems, optimization techniques, renewable energy sources, distributed generation etc.

Padmanathan Kasinathan

Padmanathan Kasinathan received his Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India in 2006. Also he received his Master of Engineering in Power Electronics & Drives from Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India in 2008. He completed his Ph.D from Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India in 2018. He has got 12 years of experience in Teaching & Research and also published numerous good research articles in reputed journals. His main research includes energy studies, solar PV energy systems, power electronics, energy economics, renewable energy system, energy policy etc.