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ABSTRACT
Clean energy production has become flagship program of all countries as per the agenda of UNFCCC COP-27. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) has become popular candidate for Green energy. This paper reviews the principle of thermoelectricity, developmental history of solar and waste heat-based thermoelectric power generation, thermoelectric hybrid systems, thermoelectric materials (silicon, ceramics and polymers) with conventional, segmented and cascaded arrangement, operating temperature range, figure of merit, popular modeling and simulation tools, environmental impact, future improvements, exploitation of TEGs in various fields starting from low-power applications (wearable devices) to high-power applications (automotive engines and aerospace). This paper also handles performance of various solar concentrators (parabolic dish, Fresnel lens, solar furnace, etc.) with their optical concentration, heat recovery TEG systems and potential of TEG to generate electricity from human body. This review helps the academia, researchers, and industrialist with deep insights into customization of TEG projects in qualitative and quantitative ways before actual realization.
Nomenclature
| = | Hot junction side Temperature of the TEG °C | |
| = | Cold junction side Temperature of the TEG °C | |
| T | = | Average Temperature of receiver/absorber °C |
| Twater. | = | Hot water Temperature |
| Greek Symbols | = | |
| ε | = | Emissivity of the receiver |
| = | Absorptivity of the receiver |
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi (India) for using all the resources.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Sanjeev Kumar Bhukesh
Sanjeev Kumar Bhukesh is a research scholar at Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National institute of Technology, Bhopal, India. He completed his B.Tech. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, M.Tech. in Renewable Energy in 2015. His area of research is design and development of Solar thermoelectric generator, Solar energy applications etc. He has published 4 research papers in international journal and 2 in international conference.
Suresh Kumar Gawre
Dr Suresh Kumar Gawre is Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana Azad National institute of Technology, Bhopal (India). He did his Ph.D. in electrical engineering. He has more than 19 years of experience in the teaching, research and development in power quality monitoring, solar PV systems, analog and digital electronics, IoT applications, machine learning. Dr. Gawre has authored around 51 research papers and 7 book chapters.
Anil Kumar
Dr Anil Kumar is Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Delhi Technological University, Delhi (India). His research area is clean energy technologies. He has guided 10 Ph.D. scholars. Dr. Kumar has authored around 350 manuscripts (200 in Int. Journal of repute), 4 patents. He has received 4350+ citations with 36 h-index (SCOPUS). He is authors 12 books. He appears as most cited number Information Systems (IS) researchers featured in the World Ranking of “Top 2% scientists created by Stanford University since 2019”.