https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-1774
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ABSTRACT
The standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems employing multiport converters utilize battery as buffers to handle excess or deficit solar PV power. However, a review of literature has shown that often no battery management unit in the control schemes of multi-port converters used in such hybrid systems and also there is an abnormality in the levels of battery voltage. The battery management unit systems are essential to maintain battery at safe operating limits of current and voltage. This paper proposes one such unit for a standalone solar PV system make use of a single inductor, dual input/output DC-DC converter along with the developed time sharing control scheme. It consists of a battery management unit scheme that implements the standard three-stage charging process. The battery management unit is integrated into a dynamic power management scheme for a standalone solar PV system which consists of combined voltage control and MPPT control. Further, the reduction in solar power of around 50% makes the voltage controller to adjust its duty ratio by almost 50% of its previous value to maintain the constant load power. The built in experimental setup in the laboratory validates the working of the proposed battery management system.
Highlights
This standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed to utilize the multiport converters to handle excess solar PV power.
The MPPT control which is utilized here uses the perturb and observe algorithm to maintain solar PV at maximum power point.
The battery management system is integrated into the dynamic power management scheme.
The BMS block is incorporated using a three-stage charging method which controls the battery charging current.
The prototype is fabricated with the dual input/output DC-DC converters which validates the successful working of the proposed dynamic battery management system
Nomenclature
| MPPT | = | Maximum power point tracking |
| MPP | = | Maximum power point |
| DOB | = | Dual output boost |
| DIB | = | Dual input boost |
| CinCo | = | Input and output capacitance, µF |
| dD1 | = | Duty ratio of the diode D1. |
| dDin | = | Duty ratio of the diode Din. |
| dS2 | = | Duty ratio of the switch S2. |
| dS3 | = | Duty ratio of the switch S3. |
| dSboost | = | Duty ratio of the boost switch Sboost. |
| dmppt | = | Duty ratio generated by MPPT control |
| dpv | = | Duty ratio of PV array for MPPT |
| dvolt | = | Duty ratio generated by voltage control |
| ibat | = | Current drawn from the battery. (A) |
| io | = | Current of the stand-alone DC load. (A) |
| ipv | = | Instantaneous current of the solar PV module. (A) |
| Pbat | = | Power drawn from the battery. (W) |
| Po | = | Power of the stand-alone DC load. (W) |
| Ppv | = | Power of the PV module. (W) |
| Ro | = | Load resistance of the stand-alone DC load.(Ω) |
| vbat | = | Terminal voltage of the battery. (V) |
| vo | = | Voltage of the stand-alone DC load. (V) |
| vpv | = | Instantaneous voltage of the solar PV module. (V) |
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge MEITY, India for the facilities provided with their project titled “Design and Development of WBG Device Based High Current Converters for Industry Applications” at National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India. The authors thank Prof. M. Subbiah, former professor of National Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India, for his technical support and suggestions in preparing this paper.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Muhilan Paramasivam
Muhilan Paramasivam received his Bachelors degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Sudharshan Engineering College, Pudukkottai, affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in 2007. He received his Masters degree in Power Electronics and Drives from Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India in 2013. He served as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India from 2010 to 2022.
Anand Issac
Dr. Anand Issac received his Bachelors degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in 2009. He received his Masters degree in Power Electronics from SSN College of Engineering, Chennai affiliated to Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in 2014. He pursued his PhD in National Institute of Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. He has worked for one and a half years in Wipro Technologies, Bangalore, Karnataka, India from 2010 to 2011.
Namani Rakesh
Dr. Namani Rakesh received his B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India, in 2008. He received his M.S (by Research) and Ph.D degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India, in 2013 and 2022 respectively. From June 2013 to February 2016, he served as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, Telangana, India. From March 2016 to till date, he is working as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Basar, Telangana, India. His research interests include power electronics applications in renewable energy systems, Power Converters, and power enhancement of PV arrays.
Senthilkumar Subramaniam
Dr. Senthilkumar Subramaniam received the B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India, in 1999, the M.Tech. degree in Electrical Drives and Control from Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India, in 2005, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India, in 2013. He has 20 years of teaching experience at various engineering institutions. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with the National Institute of Technology. He has extensively researched on self-excited induction generators for standalone and grid-connected applications. His current research interests include the development of new power converter topologies for renewable energy systems and intelligent transportation systems.