Synthesis of highly self-dual-doped O, P carbon nanosheets derived from banana stem fiber for high-performance supercapacitor electrode

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the development of a supercapacitor electrode using activated carbon (AC) derived from natural banana stem fiber (BSF) was presented. To enhance AC-BSF performance, nanosheets with favorable pore structures were incorporated, enriched with O and P doping. The production process involved crushing and heating BSF particles at high temperatures, with the addition of 0.5 M KOH as a reaction agent and developer of porous carbon structures with high density. The physical properties of AC-BSF were determined through density calculations, which revealed a shrinkage up to 34%. The material exhibited amorphous properties characterized by gentle peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 23.06–25.01° and 44.63–46.07°. The wettability of AC-BSF was attributed to the presence of O-H functional groups, micro-mesopores structure was confirmed by the type IV isotherm curve. AC-BSF-H₂SO₄ showed the highest specific capacitance value of 206.76 F/g. The increase in the performance of the AC-BSF electrode could primarily be attributed to its dual doping with O (24.15%) and P (4.37%) as well as the contribution of pseudocapacitance. These findings show the significant potential of O and P-doped multi-heteroatom carbon nanosheets derived from banana stem fibers in advancing new strategies for the development of high-energy-density and high-power supercapacitor materials.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Banana_steam_fibre
• carbon_electrode
• nanosheet
• self_dual_doped
• supercapacitors

Acknowledgements

The research was financially supported by third years Project of Word Class Research (WCR) in Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Republic of Indonesia with the title “Supercapacitors with high energy and power density: Optimization of the electrode supply process” contract No.: 11312/UN19.5.1.3/AL.04/2023.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi [11312/UN19.5.1.3/AL.04/ 2023].