(3R, 3’R)-zeaxanthin protects the retina from photo-oxidative damage via modulating the inflammation and visual health molecular markers

Abstract

Purpose: Zeaxanthin protects the macula from ocular damage due to light or radiation by scavenging harmful reactive oxygen species. In the present study, zeaxanthin product (OmniXan®; OMX), derived from paprika pods (Capsicum annum; Family-Solanaceae), was tested for its efficacy in the rat retina against photooxidation.

Methods: Forty-two male 8-week-old Wistar rats exposed to 12L/12D, 16L/8D and 24L/0D hours of intense light conditions were orally administrated either 0 or 100 mg/kg BW of zeaxanthin concentration. Retinal morphology was analyzed by histopathology, and target gene expressions were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction methods.

Results: OMX treatment significantly increased the serum zeaxanthin concentration (p < 0.001) and ameliorated oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities in the retina induced by light (p < 0.001). OMX administration significantly upregulated the expression of genes, including Rhodopsin (Rho), Rod arrestin (SAG), Gα Transducin 1 (GNAT-1), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), nuclear factor-(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) and decreased the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) and GFAP by OMX treatment rats. The histologic findings confirmed the antioxidant and gene expression data.

Conclusions: This study suggests that OMX is a potent substance that can be used to protect photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retina exposed to intense light.

Keywords:

• Light-emitting diode (LED)
• oxidative stress
• photo-oxidation
• retina
• zeaxanthin

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Mrs. Fusun Erten (MSc), Mr. Besir Er (MSc), and Mrs. Hafize Gencaban for their kind efforts during this study.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Vijaya Juturu is employed by Omniactive Health Technologies NJ, USA.

Orcid

Kazim Sahin http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-5244

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the Omniactive Health Technologies (NJ, USA) and partially supported by the Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (Ankara, Turkey).