ABSTRACT
Model-based evaluation of real time control and model predictive control strategies is often performed by estimating the yearly reduction in combined sewer overflow (CSO) volumes. This requires sufficiently long data series, but the necessary input data are often lacking in the case of complex control strategies. This article compares a new method to extrapolate yearly CSO volume reduction by simulating a limited number of CSO events. The method showed a good accuracy (2–3% deviation) when applied to a synthetic example. When applied to a real case study in Copenhagen (Denmark), the method showed a tendency to overestimate the performance of the control. The results underline how performance of real time control strategies is strongly affected by yearly variation, non-linearity and interactions among the elements of the system. It is thus suggested to use a mix of different performance indicators when evaluating control performance in conditions of data scarcity.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2021.1948078