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Articles

Les Nouveaux maîtres de l’écriture du monde11

Pages 490-501 | Published online: 24 Mar 2020
 

Abstract

Alphabet, the owner of Google, has developed numerous tools to complement the famous search engine. Their use seems instructive and painless. Yet it leads to a loss of our free will and renders us transparent to an industry that derives ninety percent of its profits from the sale of our tastes, our curiosity, our culture. Other companies, like Facebook, do the same, and sell us in packages to politicians eager to capture our votes. This abject trade is fueling a society of total surveillance and flirts with totalitarianism. Yet, nothing is irreversible: we can pass laws that will prohibit this sale-monitoring of our selves. We can take advantage of digital technology and still avoid these multinationals: many more free and non-intrusive solutions exist. Moreover, these advertising companies are not so modern—they only appropriate a technology we know well: writing. By re-appropriating the methods deployed over centuries in academia and in the learned world in general to rationally master this tool, we can redraw the world according to altruistic and democratic values.

Notes

1 Cet article évoque essentiellement Google, mais la critique vaut aussi pour des firmes analogues (dont Facebook, réduit à FB). Au fil du texte, pour ne pas faire trop de publicité à l’entreprise, son nom est réduit à sa première initiale : Google Books deviendra G… Books, etc.

4 G. Gaumont et al., “Reconstruction of the Socio-semantic Dynamics of Political Activist Twitter Networks—Method and Application to the 2017 French Presidential Election.” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 9, 2018, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201879. Accessed 25 Jan. 2020.

5 Andrew Feenberg, Pour une théorie critique de la technique. Montréal, Lux, 2014.

6 https://framasoft.org

7 Voir http://barthes.enssib.fr/travaux/ pour s’en convaincre.

8 Antonio A. Casilli, En attendant les robots. Paris, Seuil, 2019.

9 Pour ces points, voir divers articles publiés sur http://barthes.enssib.fr.

10 Serge Abiteboul et al., “Calcul en ligne et adaptatif de l’importance des pages web.” Mesures de l’internet, edited by Éric Guichard, Paris, Les Canadiens en Europe, 2004, pp. 50–74.

11 David Edgerton, “De l’innovation aux usages. Dix thèses éclectiques sur l’histoire des techniques.” Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, vol. 53, nos. 4–5, 1998, pp. 815–837. Voir aussi Des Sciences et des Techniques: Un débat (éd. de l’Ehess, 1998, pp. 259–287). Disponible en ligne.

13 Dominique Pestre, “Recherche publique, innovation et société aujourd’hui en France.” Le Débat, vol. 134, 2005, pp. 76–91.

14 Paul Mathias, Qu’est-ce que l’Internet ? Paris, Vrin, 2009.

16 Donald E. Knuth, The TeXbook. 21st ed. Boston, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1992.

17 Jack R. Goody, La Logique de l’écriture: Aux origines des sociétés humaines. Paris, A. Colin, 1986.

18 David R. Olson, L’Univers de l’écrit. Paris, Retz, 1998 (The World on Paper: The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge UP, 1994).

19 Éric Guichard, “Écritures planaires: Cartes, formules, codes et images.” Datalogie. Formes et imaginaires du numérique, edited by Olaf Avenati and Pierre-Antoine Chardel, Paris, Loco, 2016, pp. 30–47.

20 Jack R. Goody, Entre l’oralité et l’écriture. Paris, PU de France, 1994.

21 Jean Dhombres, “De l’écriture des mathématiques en tant que technique de l’intellect.” Écritures: Sur les traces de Jack Goody, edited by Éric Guichard, Villeurbanne, Presses de l’Enssib, 2012, pp. 157–197.

22 Gilles Gaston Granger, Sciences et réalité. Paris, Odile Jacob 2001.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Éric Guichard

Éric Guichard is a philosopher and anthropologist of the Internet and a researcher at the Triangle Laboratory (Cnrs-Ens de Lyon). He teaches at the École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de l’Information et des Bibliothèques, is a member of the supervisory committee of the Institut des Systèmes Complexes, Lyon et Rhône-Alpes, and is in charge of the Réseaux, Savoirs & Territoires team at the ENS-Ulm. He is a former program director at the Collège International de Philosophie (2010–2016). Among his publications figure Regards croisés sur l’internet (Presses de l’Enssib, 2011), and Écritures: Sur les traces de Jack Goody (Presses de l’Enssib, 2012). Most of his recent articles can be found online at: http://barthes.enssib.fr/articles.

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