Prevention and repair of orthodontically induced root resorption using ultrasound: a scoping review

ABSTRACT

Introduction

This review summarizes the available recent literature on different mechanisms and parameters of pulsed ultrasound (US) that have been used during orthodontic treatments to prevent and repair root resorption.

Areas covered

A literature search was conducted between January (2002) and September (2022) in the following databases: PubMed, Google-Scholar, Embase, and The-Cochrane-Library. After exclusions, a total of 19 papers were included in the present review. The most used US parameters with positive outcomes were frequency of 1.5 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz, output intensity of 30 mW/cm2, duration of application of 20 min and total number sessions were 14 with a repetition interval of 1 day. The suggested mechanisms induced by US were alteration of cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, alkaline-phosphatase (ALP), runt-related-gene−2 (Runx2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), type-I-collagen (Col-I), C-telopeptide-type-I-collagen (CTX-I), hepatocyte-growth-factor (HGF), bone morphogenetic protein−2 (BMP−2), cyclooxygenase−2 (Cox−2), calcium (Ca2+), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B (RANK).

Expert opinion

Understanding mechanisms and deciding which parameters of US that can be used during orthodontic treatment to prevent and repair root resorption is a great challenge. This work summarizes all the available data that can aid this process and suggest that US is an effective noninvasive method not only in prevention and repairing of orthodontic induced root resorption but also in accelerating teeth movement.

KEYWORDS:

• Low intensity pulsed ultrasound
• LIPUS
• US
• Orthodontics
• orthodontic tooth movement

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Declaration of interest

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.