ABSTRACT
Introduction
Bacillus endophthalmitis is a medical emergency that needs a prompt diagnosis and management to prevent further complications. Various treatment strategies are available for Bacillus endophthalmitis including intraocular antibiotics injections, anti-inflammatory medications, and interventional surgeries.
Areas covered
The aim of this article is to review the clinical manifestation and treatment strategies and outcomes of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.
Expert opinion
Despite current treatment modalities available for Bacillus endophthalmitis, the rate of vision and globe loss remains high. Careful attention to the patient’s symptoms and history, immediate diagnosis, and intensive treatment are necessary in the management of this illness. Future studies investigating targeted therapies against Bacillus cereus on the molecular and inflammatory level are needed.
Article highlights
Bacillus endophthalmitis is a highly devastating intraocular infection caused by Bacillus cereus, which results in severe inflammation and considerable vision loss.
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis is much more common than other types of Bacillus endophthalmitis.
Bacillus endophthalmitis has a rapid manifestation as soon as 12-24 hours after the surgery or traumatic event. It presents with severe ocular pain, fever, periocular swelling, ocular discharge, loss of vision, and abscess. Early corneal ring infiltration is a diagnostic clue.
Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is an important differential diagnosis.
As an emergency condition, prompt diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical intervention are necessary.
Future studies focusing on targeted therapies against specific types of inflammatory molecules may be helpful.
Declaration of interest
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
Reviewer disclosures
Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.
Ethical considerations
Ethical issues (including plagiarism, data fabrication, double publication and etc.) have been completely observed by authors.
Author contributions
All authors contributed equally to the manuscript.