Occupational therapists’ evaluation of the perceived usability and utility of wearable soft robotic exoskeleton gloves for hand function rehabilitation following a stroke

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the perceived usability and utility of using a soft robotic glove to rehabilitate hand function following a stroke.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to consult a convenience sample of 14 experienced occupational therapists (OTs) practicing within a specialised stroke rehabilitation program. All OTs participated in one 60-to-90-minute individual consultation during which the attributes of a recently-developed soft robotic glove (ExoGlove) were presented before they could test it on themselves. After this consultation, OTs completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and answered open-ended questions focussing on the usability and utility of soft robotic gloves framed according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).

Results

The OTs perceived the glove’s usability as being moderate-to-good on the SUS (median score= 63.75 on a scale of 100). Thematic analysis revealed the importance of specifically considering elements such as ease of use (e.g. simplicity and speed), cost, movement precision, durability, and safety, when developing soft robotic gloves such as the ExoGlove.

Conclusions

Engagement in a continuous improvement process is essential to maximise the perceived usability and utility of soft robotic gloves, particularly of the ExoGlove, through their final development phase before pilot testing their effects and effectiveness for post-stroke hand rehabilitation.

Implications for rehabilitation

• All occupational therapists anticipate that a soft robotic glove such as the ExoGlove will allow them to increase treatment intensity and best aligns with principles of neuroplasticity.

• The clinical judgement and guidance of OTs, developed through practice, experience, and knowledge, remain essential to safely and efficiently exercise with a soft robotic glove.

• Achieving a balance between effort and performance expectancies is essential in developing and improving the functionality of soft robotic gloves, as with each additional functionality comes new challenges that impact its successful transition to a clinical setting.

Keywords:

• Activity-based therapy
• exoskeleton
• hand
• rehabilitation
• soft robotic glove
• usability

Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the Clinical research coordinators of the stroke programs at the IURDPM and Villa Medica Rehabilitation Centers. The authors are also thankful for the contribution of the engineering team of the Technische Universität Darmstadt in Germany which supports the development of the ExoGlove.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Additional information

Funding

The project is supported in part by the Initiative for the development of new technologies and innovative practices in rehabilitation (INSPIRE) and the University of Montreal. C.E. Proulx holds a scholarship from INSPIRE and the School of Rehabilitation (Université de Montréal) and D. H. Gagnon holds a senior research salary award from the Fonds de la recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS; #268982).