Bioethanol production from whey powder by immobilized E. coli expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin: optimization of sugar concentration and inoculum size

Abstract

A combined Vitreoscilla hemoglobin/immobilization system was evaluated for ethanol production using whey powder as a carbon source and ethanologenic E. coli strain FBR5 and its Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) expressing derivative strain, TS3. The effects of varying the inoculation concentration (5, 10, 20 or 30%) of alginate beads containing cells of either strain, and the lactose levels (8–15%) of whey powder media (WP8-WP15), were studied. Ethanol production was enhanced in strain TS3 compared to strain FBR5 for all combinations of inoculation size and medium lactose concentration. This enhancement increased from 41% to 83% with an 8–15% increase in lactose concentration. The maximum amount of ethanol, 4.64% (v/v) with 99% fermentation efficiency, was produced after growth for 72 h by immobilized strain TS3, using 10% bead inoculation and medium containing 8% lactose.

Keywords:

• Ethanol
• inoculum size
• sugar concentration
• Vitreoscilla hemoglobin
• whey powder

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Gebze Technical University (2017-A102-19), Turkey, and the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Disclosure statement

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.