Exploitation of freshwater fish waste as feedstock and Fenneropeneus indicus shrimp shell as catalyst source for biodiesel production

Abstract

The current article emphasize on valorizing fishery waste such as Fenneropeneus indicus shrimp shell to derive catalyst for biodiesel production from freshwater fish waste (FFW) oil as an alternate solution to overcome environmental pollution. The catalyst characterization revealed that the catalyst derived by calcination of shrimp shell at 900 °C for 4h was crystalline, mesoporous and exhibited crystallite size of 42.28 nm, a surface area of 5.9861 m²/g and excellent basic strength (12.2< H < 15). As per the adopted central composite design (CCD) of response Surface Methodology (RSM), 1:11 mol/mol oil to methanol molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst concentration, 65 °C reaction temperature, and 150 min reaction time were the optimum condition for maximum biodiesel yield of 82.57 wt%. The free fatty acid content (0.4%), acid value (0.84 mg KOH/g), iodine value (107 g I₂/100 g), flash point (115 °C), and viscosity (7.48 mm²/s) ensured the application of biodiesel prepared from freshwater fish waste oil to be used as fuel. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel were evaluated to validate its feasibility. The FFW oil and calcined shrimp shell catalyst could be used as an alternate feedstock and catalyst source for sustainable biodiesel production and to reduce environmental pollution.

Keywords:

• Freshwater fish waste
• calcined shrimp shell
• central composite design
• biodiesel optimization
• biodiesel characterization

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Thiw work was supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.