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Research Article

Emergency plan methodology for mine fire simulations in Chuquicamata underground mine

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Pages 120-130 | Published online: 27 Jul 2020
 

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study is to use fire risk analysis (FRA) as input to fire simulations to support development of a fire emergency plan strategy (EPS) at the Chuquicamata underground mine in Chile. This paper also describes how to classify zones that will be affected by fumes and gas propagation from the exact location of a fire event. The fire simulation study helps to determine the impact of a fire on a ventilation system, with the main purpose of providing relevant information to complement emergency plans and established control techniques in ventilation design and operation. Most fire simulation studies only concentrate on simulation techniques themselves, but this work moves beyond to ask: “What is the next step in developing an emergency plan? How can we evaluate, classify, and treat risky areas?” This study is primarily focused on the phases before and after a fire simulation process corresponding to a good FRA and how output data can be utilized for an EPS. Under construction since 2013, the Chuquicamata underground mine is one of the main projects for the Chilean government copper company, Codelco. It presents a solution to the lower production levels associated with open-pit mining and prolongs the life of the mine for the next 40 years, until 2060. Currently, approximately 2,000 workers operate in the Chuquicamata mine daily. Dozens of trucks and heavy machines drive through all main routes and accesses in the mine. Since the mine is still under construction, not all infrastructure necessary to operate safely in the mine has been completed. Risk of a truck or fixed facility fire is always a challenge. One important aspect of fire simulation relies on what we can do to prevent a fire and what can be done with the existing infrastructure to control a declared fire and initiate evacuation plans. This study presents a feasible emergency plan to implement in a mine under construction where limited resources are available. Several fire scenarios support the emergency plan strategy and a detailed step-by-step procedure indicates the elements of the fire emergency plan and risk analysis.

RÉSUMÉ

L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’utiliser l’évaluation des risques d’incendie (ERI) comme intrant pour les simulations d’incendie afin de soutenir l’élaboration d’une stratégie de plan d’urgence en cas d’incendie (SPU) à la mine souterraine de Chuquicamata, au Chili. Ce document décrit également comment classer les zones qui seront touchées par les fumées et la propagation du gaz à partir du lieu exact d’un incendie. L’étude de simulation d’incendie aide à déterminer l’impact d’un incendie sur un système de ventilation, l’objectif principal étant de fournir des renseignements pertinents pour compléter les plans d’urgence et les techniques de contrôle établies dans la conception et l’exploitation de la ventilation. La plupart des études de simulation d’incendie ne se concentrent que sur les techniques de simulation elles-mêmes, mais ce travail va au-delà de ces questions : « Quelle est la prochaine étape de l’élaboration d’un plan d’urgence? Comment pouvons-nous évaluer, classer et traiter les zones à risque? » Cette étude est principalement axée sur les phases avant et après un processus de simulation d’incendie correspondant à une bonne ERI et sur la façon dont les données de sortie peuvent être utilisées pour une SPU. En construction depuis 2013, la mine souterraine de Chuquicamata est l’un des principaux projets de la compagnie de cuivre du gouvernement chilien, Codelco. Elle présente une solution aux faibles niveaux de production associés à l’exploitation à ciel ouvert et prolonge la durée de vie de la mine pour les 40 prochaines années. À l’heure actuelle, environ 2 000 travailleurs opèrent quotidiennement dans la mine de Chuquicamata. Des dizaines de camions et de machines lourdes parcourent toutes les routes principales et les accès à la mine. Étant donné que la mine est encore en construction, toutes les infrastructures nécessaires à son exploitation sécuritaire n’ont pas été achevées. Le risque d’incendie d’un camion ou d’une installation fixe est toujours un défi. Un aspect important de la simulation d’incendie repose sur notre capacité à prévenir un incendie et à collaborer avec l’infrastructure en place afin de contrôler un incendie déclaré et lancer des plans d’évacuation. Cette étude présente un plan d’urgence réalisable à mettre en œuvre dans une mine en construction où les ressources sont limitées. Plusieurs scénari d’incendie appuient la stratégie du plan d’urgence et une procédure détaillée étape par étape indique les éléments du plan d’urgence en cas d’incendie et de l’évaluation des risques.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

R. A. Alvarez

R. A. Alvarez is a health and safety engineer and has been practicing mining ventilation engineering widely for the past 10 years after his graduation from the Bernardo O’Higgins University, Chile. Prior to joining BBE Canada, Roberto worked for Corporación Nacional del Cobre CODELCO CHILE, in New Level Mine Project (PNNM) and Chuquicamata Underground Mine Project (PMCHS) for more than seven years in both mines. Roberto’s specific skillset includes ventilation design for massive block caving method, fire modeling and implementation of mine ventilation, and bulk gas handling systems. Roberto’s mine experience has been mostly focused in long term massive block caving projects from 140 ktpd (Kilotons per day) for PMCHS to 180 ktpd for NNM approximately. Roberto joined BBE Group in 2019 as a mine ventilation specialist in the Canadian branch located in Sudbury, Ontario. [email protected]

J. D. Stinnette

J. D. Stinnette has more than 20 years of experience measuring, modeling, designing and optimizing ventilation systems for underground mines for a variety of clients around the world. He is licensed as a professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of Colorado and the author of many technical papers on topics related to underground ventilation. Daniel currently heads Ventilation Innovation, a consulting company dedicated to the safe and efficient operation of underground mines and facilities around the world.

J. E. Carrasco

J. E. Carrasco is a mining engineer from Santiago University, Chile. Jorge has more than 20 years of dedicated experience in mine ventilation and currently holds the position of head ventilation engineer for Chuquicamata Underground Level 2, Chile.

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