Determination of particle abrasion through milling with five different salt grinders – a preliminary study by micro-Raman spectroscopy with efforts towards improved quality control of the analytical methods

ABSTRACT

Latest findings suggest that packaging and processing of food may be a contamination source of microplastics. In this study particle abrasion from five different salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic and ceramic were investigated using micro-Raman (µ-Raman) spectroscopy. The mills were filled with a reference salt and an amount of 0.1 g was milled into a beaker, dissolved, filtered and the residues analysed via µ-Raman spectroscopy in different size classes, beginning with ≥ 1 µm. In the unground reference salt itself 423 ± 161 microplastic particles per 0.1 g were found, mainly consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These contents were not subtracted from the samples. One of the ceramic grinders also exclusively released PET-particles (527 ± 265 per 0.1 g).The other had compartments of polystyrene (PS) in the milling system and PS particles were found in the ground salt (201 ± 37 PET; 727 ± 226 PS/). Two of the plastic grinders had burrs made of polyoxymethylene (POM) and one with burrs of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). There were large amounts of 7628 ± 2655 and 5048 + 594 POM particles in 0.1 g salt in the two POM grinders as well as 265 ± 182 and 1546 ± 884 PET particles, respectively; salt from the PMMA grinder had 240 ± 41 PMMA particles/0.1 g and 1643 ± 1174 PET particles. The majority of the PET particles were smaller than 5 µm, whereas the POM, PS and PMMA particles had average sizes greater than 10 µm. In addition to possible microplastic contamination from salt itself, salt mills with grinding burrs made of plastic can emit microplastic particles in large amounts, especially if the burrs are made of POM. Other particles may, however, also be emitted from the grinders, e.g. ceramic particles in a similar size class, leading to the question whether and which kind of particles may be of toxicological concern for humans.

Graphical abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Microplastic
• grinder
• micro-Raman spectroscopy
• food
• salt
• abrasion

Declaration of interest

No conflict of interest or financial benefit has arisen from this research.

Supplementary material

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