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Abstract
Large diameter monopile foundation is widely used in offshore wind farms. However, current design method, e.g. widely used American Petroleum Institute recommended P-y method, has been questioned during the design of monopile for this method is incapable to reasonably model the force on laterally loaded monopile. In this study, a method to derive the monopile–soil interaction force from finite element model is introduced, and the derived interaction force is validated through the force and moment equilibrium of monopile in sandy soil. Then, interaction force acting on the large diameter laterally loaded monopile in sandy soil is investigated in detail. The results show that: (1) the shear force which is tangent to the monopile circumference is an important component of soil resistance to laterally loaded monopile, (2) the distribution of normal force and shear force at a given depth can be generally described by parabola function, (3) the lateral friction force on monopile tip contributes another component of resistance and the peak value of this frictional resistance is up to 20% of the applied load at monopile head, (4) the moment resistance along the monopile shaft induced by shear force in vertical direction increases as the monopile deformation increases.