Marriage of Green Technology and Chemistry – bismuth-based nanoparticles: a remarkable combination

ABSTRACT

Advancement of reliable and eco-friendly approaches for nanoparticles growth is a basic key to the regulation of nanotechnology. For a decade, various nanoparticles have been constantly evaluated and used for different applications. In particular, bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles are receiving great interest due to different properties such as the low band gap (which lies in the UV region) and non-toxicity as compared to other metal nanoparticles. Use of poisonous chemicals or physical and chemical methods has been increased; therefore, the green approach has been plants, bacteria, viruses, fungi and other biomolecules preferred for the synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles. This review is focused on the green synthesis rather than chemical synthesis of Bi nanoparticles and their numerous applications including biological (antimicrobial), biomedical (imagining, Drug delivery photothermal therapy and cancer therapy), photocatalytic and hydrogen storage. As review articles often serve as key references for newcomers to the field, this report directs readers to articles showcasing significant advancements in Bi-based nanoparticle research. The objectives of this study include highlighting the non-toxic properties of Bi nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents and potential alternatives to antibiotics, outlining the limitations of green synthesis and in-vitro and in-vivo synthesis for Bi-based nanoparticles, comparing the efficiency of Bi-based nanoparticles with other types in various applications, and providing recommendations for future research endeavours.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Bismuth nanoparticles
• green chemistry
• antimicrobial
• photothermal therapy
• drug delievery

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sania Sarwar

Sania Sarwar – She did MPhil from Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan under the supervision of Dr Shanza Rauf Khan. Now she is pursuing degree in management sciences to combine Chemistry and Business in a single unit.

Sarmed Ali

Sarmed Ali – He has completed MPhil in Solar Cells and Batteries from Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan. Recently he has completed MS in Green Energy Technology from Norway.

Shanza Rauf Khan

Shanza Rauf Khan – She has done MPhil in Smart Nanomaterials and Smart Polymers from University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. She has done PhD in Reuse of Inorganic Waste. Now she is working on Green synthesis of Nanomaterials in perspective of zero waste.

Saba Jamil

Saba Jamil – She has done PhD from China and currently working of Advanced Nanomaterials and Composites.

Sidra Farooq

Sidra Farooq – She has done MPhil from Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan under the supervision of Dr Shanza Rauf Khan.

Touseef Jafar

Touseef Jafar – He has done MPhil in Polymers and Composites under the supervision of Dr Shanza Rauf Khan. Now he is working in Plastic Industry as Researcher.

Muhammad Jamshed Latif

Muhammad Jamshed Latif – He has done MPhil from Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan under the supervision of Dr Shanza Rauf Khan.

Hamza Shehroz

Hamza Shehroz – He is pursuing his PhD from China currently after defending his MPhil Thesis on Green synthesis of Nanomaterials under the supervision of Dr Shanza Rauf Khan.