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Stand-up comedy as political resistance

Laughter, resistance and ambivalence in Trevor Noah’s stand-up comedy: returning mimicry as mockery

Rire, résistance et ambivalence dans la comédie de Trevor Noah : tourner l’imitation en dérision

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Pages 338-355 | Received 03 Sep 2019, Accepted 16 Jan 2020, Published online: 30 Mar 2020
 

Abstract

This article explores how to understand stand-up comedy as a form of resistance in global politics, combining discussion of Homi Bhabha’s concepts of ambivalence and mimicry with an examination of Trevor Noah’s stand-up performances, in particular his material on race, disease and poverty. The article builds upon approaches which have interpreted comedy in terms of hidden transcripts, counter-discourses, and counter-conducts to argue that stand-up is serious politics. Notwithstanding his prominence and success, Noah’s performances are an alternative to dominant, white, western and Eurocentric discourses of global politics, and can be understood as a form of ‘ambivalent mockery’ which both inhabit and subvert dominant power relations and discourses from within. In his routines race is reified and deconstructed; disease is tragic and laughable; poverty is lamentable, valorized, and misunderstood. Noah invokes, inhabits and challenges racist and racialized assumptions, performing a racial ‘in-between-ness’ ranging across black, mixed, coloured and white identities which subverts assumptions about stable categories of race and identity. Taking this comedy seriously enables important contradictions in assumptions about race, disease and poverty to be seen more vividly, and demonstrates how global politics is performed and resisted in diverse ways.

Cet article explore la compréhension que l’on peut avoir du monologue comique comme forme de résistance dans la politique mondiale, en combinant une discussion des concepts d’Homi Bhabha’ sur l’ambivalence et l’imitation avec un examen des représentations comiques de Trevor Noah, en particulier ce qu’il a produit sur la race, la maladie et la pauvreté. L’article s’appuie sur des approches ayant interprété la comédie comme des transcriptions cachées de contre discours, et de contre conduites pour défendre l’idée que les monologues constituent de la politique sérieuse. Malgré son importance et sons succès, les représentations de Noah constituent une alternative au discours dominant blanc, occidental et eurocentriste de la politique mondiale, et peuvent être comprises comme une forme de dérision, qui habite et subvertit de l’intérieur les relations de pouvoir et le discours dominants. Dans ses routines la race est réifiée et déconstruite; la maladie est tragique et risible; la pauvreté est lamentable; valorisée et incomprise. Noah invoque, habite et confronte les présomptions racistes et racialisées, et réalise un ‘entre deux’ allant des identités noires, mixes, colorées et blanches ce qui subvertit les présomptions relatives à la stabilité des catégories de race et d’identité. Prendre cette comédie au sérieux permet à des contradictions importantes des présomptions sur la race, la maladie, et la pauvreté d’être vues de façon plus vive, et montre comment la politique mondiale est réalisée et repoussée de différentes façons.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Statement of ethics

The research for this article did not require ethical approval from an academic institution.

Notes

1 There is research that engages with humorous attempts to subvert the ‘Othering’ of ‘Africa’ in charity appeals; particularly looking at how the mock appeal, Radi-Aid (radiators for Norway), plays with stereotypes commonly emphasized in calls to help the continent (see Hanchey Citation2019; Schwarz and Richey Citation2019). There is also literature looking at how humour engages people in charities and NGO work (see Cameron Citation2015), and an extensive literature on the use of celebrity in fundraising for the African continent (see, Cameron and Haanstra Citation2008; Edkins Citation2000; Müller Citation2013, Citation2018; Richey Citation2016; Yrjölä Citation2009).

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