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Articles

Cultural meaning-making in challenging interactions in L2 Spanish: language teachers’ perceptions

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Pages 123-136 | Received 25 Nov 2019, Accepted 20 Sep 2020, Published online: 30 Nov 2020
 

ABSTRACT

Some challenges to intercultural communication prevent intercultural interactions altogether, while others can prevent effective and successful communication during an intercultural exchange. This article addresses a key challenge within intercultural interactions: cultural meaning-making. This is a process that requires both communicative and intercultural competence and encompasses the interdependent and ever-present relationships between language, culture, and worldviews. Considering the important role of language teachers in second language (L2) learners’ cultural meaning-making development in challenging interactions that may be faced by learners in the target language community, the current pilot study elicits teachers’ perceptions of linguistic and cultural resources required by their students to engage in challenging interactions and focuses on the pedagogical approaches employed by them to foster cultural meaning-making in challenging interactions. Three types of challenging situations were examined: difficult situations (uncomfortable or even hostile for the students); impolite situations (those that may be rude or impolite); and situations of imposition (those that involve imposition on the student or another person, e.g., requests, commands, favors). Results indicated teachers’ reliance on certain resources involved in cultural meaning-making and a general absence of a theoretical approach to intercultural communication.

RESUMEN

Existen desafíos inherentes a la comunicación intercultural que impiden totalmente las interacciones, mientras que otros representan un obstáculo para una comunicación efectiva. Este artículo aborda un desafío crucial de dichas interacciones: la construcción de significados culturalmente limitados, un proceso que requiere competencias comunicativas e interculturales, en el que se manifiestan las relaciones interdependientes entre lenguaje, cultura y visión del mundo. Considerando el papel de los profesores de lengua en cómo los estudiantes construyen significados culturalmente limitados al abordar interacciones complejas en la comunidad de la L2, el presente estudio piloto explora las percepciones docentes sobre los recursos lingüísticos y culturales necesarios para que los alumnos participen en interacciones desafiantes, así como enfoques pedagógicos para que estos sean capaces de construir significados. Se examinaron tres tipos de situaciones desafiantes: situaciones incómodas (difíciles de resolver e incluso hostiles para los alumnos); situaciones descorteses (aquellas que se pueden percibir como de poca educación); y situaciones de imposición (aquellas que implican imposición al estudiante o a otra persona, por ejemplo, peticiones, órdenes, favores). Los resultados sugieren que los docentes confían en recursos propios de la construcción de significados, pero también que no parten de un enfoque teórico para la comunicación intercultural.

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