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Articles

Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool – development and verification

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Pages 285-303 | Received 27 Jun 2021, Accepted 23 Aug 2021, Published online: 02 Sep 2021
 

ABSTRACT

Map load is a map property quantifying the amount of map content in cartographic products. Since the 1960s, various approaches have been examined to determine map-load value to assume the map complexity level. However, none of these approaches has become commonly used to evaluate the map-load level neither during the map-design process nor for maps’ comparison. This paper aims to present an easy-to-use and freely available tool GMLMT (Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool) developed at the Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University Olomouc. GMLMT applies a metric averaging of the amount of visible structures in a map using an edge-detection approach to measure graphic map load of raster representations of maps. The tool is suitable for a large scope of various map styles and visualisation methods and also provides a visualisation of map-load distribution across the evaluated map layout. This paper describes the process of designing the tool and its verification on both sample map sections presenting various aspects of map complexity and real maps examined in previous research through a user-perceived map load experiment.

RÉSUMÉ

La charge cartographique est une propriété cartographique qui quantifie la quantité de contenu dans un produit cartographique. Depuis les années 1960, différentes approches ont été étudiées pour déterminer la valeur de la charge cartographique afin d'estimer le niveau de complexité d'une carte. Pourtant, aucune de ces approches n'est devenue couramment utilisée pour évaluer le niveau de charge cartographique ni lors de la conception d'une carte ni pour comparer différentes cartes. L'article présente l'outil GMLMT (Graphic Map Load Measuring Tool) facile à utiliser et disponible gratuitement. GMLMT calcule une métrique basée sur la moyenne des structures visibles sur la carte en utilisant une approche de détection de contours pour mesurer la charge cartographique de représentation raster des cartes. L'outil convient à un large éventail de styles de carte et de méthodes de visualisation et fournit une visualisation de la répartition de la charge cartographique sur la mise en page de la carte évaluée. L'article décrit le processus de conception de l'outil et sa validation grâce à une expérience sur la charge cartographique perçue par un utilisateur à l'aide d'échantillons représentant différents aspects de la complexité des cartes ainsi que des cartes réelles examinées lors de recherches antérieurs.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 GMLMT is available for download at http://radiat.cz/mapload.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was compiled within the project ‘Application of geospatial technologies for spatial analysis, modelling, and visualisation of spatial phenomena’ (IGA_PrF_ 2021_020) with the support of Internal Grant Agency of Palacky University Olomouc and within the Czech Scientific Foundation project ‘Spatial synthesis based on advanced geocomputation methods’ (No 18-05432S).

Notes on contributors

Radek Barvir

Radek Barvir is a young researcher at Palacký University Olomouc, Department of Geoinformatics. Since his early studies of geoinformatics, he has been focusing on cartography and geospatial 3D printing. Map complexity and evaluating graphic map load of maps is his current primary research aim.

Vozenilek Vit

Vozenilek Vit is a vice president of the International Cartographic Association and head of the Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University Olomouc. Systematic cartography, atlas production, and map evaluation are his primary fields of interest.

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