Influence on dynamic behaviour of single layer graphene by Stone wales and pinhole defects

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a computational procedure for the determination of the dynamic behaviour of graphene with different types of defects. The lattice of graphene is modelled using the molecular structural mechanics (MSM) approach, where the C–C covalent bonds are replaced by equivalent beam elements. Cantilever and bridged boundary conditions are applied for the analysis. Four types of Stone–Wales (SW) defects such as S-W (555-8), S-W (555-888-3), S-W (555-77-8) and S-W (888-3), and two types of pinhole defects with 6 and 24 elements eliminated are examined on armchair, zigzag and chiral type of graphene sheet. The effect of the structural length of the sheet, chirality and defect type on the vibrational properties of graphene sheets is investigated. The computed results reveal that SW defects produce a high frequency to that of pristine graphene, whereas the effect of pinhole defects is significant as compared to SW defects. The computed results will be useful in nano-resonator-based sensor applications.

KEYWORDS:

• SLG
• pinhole
• Stone–Wales
• frequency

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Future scope

Rarely does one get an ideal flat graphene membrane with defectless characteristics. The real condition of view differs significantly from the theoretically expected graphene qualities. In fact, 2D graphene membranes have a propensity to crack, produce bubbles and ripples, reorganise and produce various defects. Graphene has a wide range of possible applications and has grown significantly in recent years. Producing and working with graphene is still difficult, as is regulated, industrial-scale production of high-quality graphene. More applications in the field of nano-resonators will be made possible by further research into defective graphene.