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Articles

Multiple Representations of Topographic Pattern and Geographic Context Determine Barrier Dune Resistance, Resilience, and the Overlap of Coastal Biogeomorphic Models

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Pages 640-660 | Received 30 Jan 2019, Accepted 27 Jun 2019, Published online: 11 Oct 2019
 

Abstract

We compared two biogeomorphic models that postulate how vegetation is intertwined in the response and recovery of barrier island dunes. Each model was developed in a separate coastal region using different methods. Both relied on simple elevational representations of topography. By comparing topographies among more islands of these two regions and by linking multiple representations of topographic pattern to resistance and resilience, we provide a synthesis that shows the validity of both models and the consequences of reifying one over the other. Using airborne LiDAR, topographic metrics based on point, patch, and gradient representations of topography were derived for fifty-two sites across eleven islands along the Georgia Bight and Virginia. These seventeen metrics were categorized in terms of resistance and resilience to disturbance from storm-forced high water levels and overwash. Resistance refers to intrinsic properties that directly counter expressions of power from disturbance. Resilience refers to the degrees of freedom to adjust and adapt to disturbance. Using a cross-scale data modeling approach, these data were visualized as topographic state space using multidimensional scaling. In this state space, similarity in topography as well as resistance and resilience were inferred through a site’s position along low-dimension axes representing geomorphic resistance and high-dimension axes representing the spatial landscape properties of biogeomorphic resilience. The two models overlap in how they account for barrier dune resistance and resilience along the U.S. south Atlantic coast. Islands of the Georgia Bight have a propensity for higher resistance and resilience. The Virginia islands have lower resistance and resilience. Key Words: barrier islands, biogeomorphology, cross-scale structure, dunes, resilience.

我们比较两个生物地貌模型,该模型假定植被如何在对障蔽岛沙丘之回应与回復中缠绕。两个模型分别在分隔的海岸区域中运用不同的方法建立之。我们通过比较这两个区域中更多的岛屿型态,以及连结多重地形模式再现与抵抗和回復力,提供展现两大模型有效性的合成,以及使其一较另一模型更具体化的结果。运用空中LiDAR,为沿着乔治亚湾和弗吉尼亚的十一座岛屿的五十二个地点,推导出根据点、地块和地形坡度再现的地形度量。这十七个度量,以对于风暴导致的高水位和越流扰动的抵抗及回復力进行分类。抵抗指的是直接反抗扰动力量的展现之固有特质。回復力指的是调整与调适扰动的自由程度。运用跨尺度数据模式化方法,这些数据使用多向度尺度化来可视化成为地形的状态空间。在此状态空间中,通过随着再现地貌抵抗的低向度轴线与再现生物地貌回復力的空间地景属性之高向度轴线的场地位置,推断地形的近似性和抵抗与回覆力 。两个模型在如何解释沿着美国南部亚特兰大海岸的障蔽沙丘的抵抗与回復力上相互重叠。乔治亚湾的岛屿具有较高抵抗与回復力的倾向。弗吉尼亚岛屿则有较低的抵抗与回復力。关键词:障蔽岛,生物地貌学,跨尺度结构,沙丘,回復力。

Comparamos dos modelos biogeomórficos que postulan cómo se entrelaza la vegetación en la respuesta y en la recuperación en una barrera de dunas insulares. Cada modelo se desarrolló en una región costera separada usando métodos diferentes. Ambos dependieron de simples representaciones de altura de la topografía. Al comparar las topografías entre más islas de estas dos regiones, y conectando múltiples representaciones del patrón topográfico a la resistencia y la resiliencia, generamos una síntesis que muestra la validez de los dos modelos y las consecuencias de reificar a uno sobre el otro. Usando el LiDAR aéreo, métricas topográficas basadas en punto, parches y gradiente, se derivaron representaciones de la topografía para cincuenta y dos sitios a través de once islas situadas a lo largo de la Bahía de Georgia y Virginia. Estas diecisiete métricas se categorizaron en términos de resistencia y resiliencia a la perturbación por niveles altos de agua forzados por la tormenta y por overwash. La resistencia se refiere a las propiedades intrínsecas que directamente enfrentan las expresiones de poder de la perturbación. La resiliencia se refiere a los grados de libertad de ajustarse y adaptarse a la perturbación. Usando un enfoque de modelado de datos de escala cruzada, los datos se visualizaron como espacio en estado topográfico usando procedimientos de escala multidimensional. En este espacio estado, la similitud en topografía lo mismo que la resistencia y la resiliencia se dedujeron a partir de una posición del sitio a lo largo de ejes de dimensiones bajas que representan la resistencia geomórfica, y de ejes de dimensiones altas que representan las propiedades del paisaje espacial de la resiliencia biogeomórfica. Los dos modelos se traslapan en lo que concierne a cómo considerar la resistencia de la barrera de dunas y la resiliencia a lo largo de la costa sudatlántica de los EE.UU. Las islas de la Bahía de Georgia tienen una propensión a resistencia y resiliencia más altas. Las islas de Virginia tienen resistencia y resiliencia más bajas.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Li-Chih Hsu

LI-CHIH HSU is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Geography at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0027. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include physical geography and geographic information systems.

J. Anthony Stallins

J. ANTHONY STALLINS is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0027. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the way in which geographic thought can be used as a lens to examine the ideas and practices of other sciences.

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