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Articles

More than Metaphor: Settler Colonialism, Frontier Logic, and the Continuities of Racialized Dispossession in a Southwest U.S. City

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Pages 157-174 | Received 14 May 2019, Accepted 09 Dec 2019, Published online: 02 Jun 2020
 

Abstract

Human geographers have long noted the colonial tropes and frontier imaginaries used to stimulate investment and normalize predatory property speculation within North American cities. Drawing on the insights of indigenous scholars and theorists of settler colonialism, in this article we argue a need to move beyond an analogical deployment of the “frontier” as a mere trope or imaginary and suggest that in settler colonial contexts, like the United States, the frontier and its structuring logic remain an ongoing feature of racial governance and capital accumulation over time. To develop this argument, we examine a genealogy of multiple and heterogeneous cycles of colonization, dispossession, and resistance in Tucson, Arizona. Attending to the racial and racist violence that shapes this history, we consider how the devaluation of nonwhite territorial and economic relations consistently structures urban real estate markets, driving the ongoing displacement and dispossession of communities of color. Viewing the frontier as a structuring logic of racial capitalism (rather than a symbolic motif or metaphorical condition) helps to explain why these racial patterns of dispossession can be observed as a hallmark outcome of processes of gentrification in settler countries like the United States. Meanwhile, through our case study we show how grassroots actors already are using the language of settler colonialism as a framework for naming and analyzing those outcomes just described, indicating a need for greater theoretical work that engages with these grassroots framings and narratives.

很久以来, 人文地理学家注意到了殖民主义和前沿假想可以用来刺激北美洲的城市投资、规范掠夺式财产投机。根据当地学者和移居者殖民主义理论学者的理论, 本文认为, 我们需要对前沿仅仅是一种比喻和假想进行拓展, 建议在殖民主义背景下(如美国) 的前沿及其构架思想仍然是种族统治和资本积累。我们探讨了在美国亚利桑那州Tucson市发生的各种殖民-掠夺-反抗的循环过程。根据这些塑造了一段历史的种族和种族主义冲突, 我们考虑了非白人领地和经济关系的贬值如何持续地重组城市房地产市场、驱动有色人种社区的持续迁移和掠夺。将前沿做为种族资本主义思想(而不是一个象征性的主题或暗喻的条件), 可以解释为什么掠夺的种族模式是殖民地国家(如美国) 的高档化的标志性结果。同时, 通过实际案例, 我们展示了普通民众正在使用移居者殖民主义语言去表述、分析上述的标志性结果, 也表明普通民众的表述需要一个更好的理论方法。

Los geógrafos humanos se han percatado desde hace tiempo de los temas coloniales recurrentes y los imaginarios de la frontera usados para estimular la inversión y normalizar la especulación de la propiedad predadora dentro de las ciudades norteamericanas. Basándonos en la perspicacia de eruditos y teóricos indígenas sobre el colonialismo de pobladores, en este artículo propugnamos por la necesidad de ir más allá de un despliegue analógico de la “frontera” como simple tema recurrente o imaginario, y sugerimos que, en los contextos del poblador colonial, como en el caso de los Estados Unidos, la frontera y su lógica estructuradora se mantienen a través del tiempo como un rasgo vigente de gobernanza racial y acumulación de capital. Para elaborar sobre este argumento, examinamos una genealogía de múltiples y heterogéneos ciclos de colonización, desposesión y resistencia en Tucson, Arizona. Acompañando la violencia racial y racista que configura esta historia, consideramos cómo la devaluación de las relaciones territoriales y económicas no blancas consistentemente estructura los mercados urbanos de finca raíz, orientando el actual desplazamiento y desposesión de las comunidades de color. Viendo la frontera como una lógica estructuradora del capitalismo racial (más que como motivo simbólico o condición metafórica) ayuda a explicar por qué estos patrones raciales de desposesión pueden observarse como resultado de marca distintiva de los procesos de gentrificación en países de colonos, como los Estados Unidos. Entre tanto, a través de nuestro estudio de caso mostramos el modo como actores raizales ya están usando un lenguaje de colonialismo de pobladores, como marco con el cual nombrar y analizar los resultados descritos, notando la necesidad de un trabajo teórico mayor que se involucre con estos marcos y narrativas raizales.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Lupe Castillo and Pedro Gonzales for sharing their many insights and Jeff Banister, Vinnie Del Casino, Blake Gentry, Mark Kear, Brian Marks, Sallie Marston, and Lydia Otero, alongside multiple anonymous reviewers, for their helpful and generous comments on earlier iterations of this article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sarah Launius

SARAH LAUNIUS is a Research Associate in the School of Geography and Development at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include geographies of finance and development in North American cities and their intersections with issues of governance and social equity.

Geoffrey Alan Boyce

GEOFFREY ALAN BOYCE is Academic Director of the Border Studies Program at Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374. E-mail: [email protected]. His research attends to the articulation of migration, policing, and security practice with the uneven distribution of conditions of household social reproduction and human vulnerability across scales.

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