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Articles

Governing for Growth: Standards, Emergent Markets, and the Lenient Zone of Qualification for Green Bonds

Pages 2044-2061 | Received 19 Dec 2019, Accepted 22 Oct 2020, Published online: 26 Apr 2021
 

Abstract

This article seeks to provide a critical perspective on the roles and effects of standards in governing new markets for sustainability. Departing from a narrow, technocratic interpretation of standards as tools to differentiate within existing markets, we examine the work of standards in configuring and enacting a specific type of environmental market, which we term growth-oriented. Through a case study of one such market for green bonds, the article shows how standards have been strategically enrolled to perform three key roles within an overall operative of growth: (1) codifying and solidifying a dominant conception of the product category, (2) protecting green bonds from stigmatizing iterations, and (3) constructing a lenient zone of qualification. Our work advances on the existing literature by offering a more power-sensitive and spatially explicit conceptualization of environmental standards. It also provides novel theorization of how growth-oriented articulations of the green economy are rendered economic by bringing “just about enough” information, assurance, and promises of green into the market frame. We conclude by reflecting on some of the tensions involved in market-based projects by revealing how the imperative for growth through categorical leniency runs the risk of environmental considerations being subordinated.

关于标准在治理新市场的可持续性的作用和影响, 本文试图提供一个重要的观点。不同于狭义的、技术官僚式的对标准的解释, 我们研究了标准在配置和创造增长导向型环境市场的作用。以绿色债券市场为例, 本文展示了标准在整个增长过程中的三个关键作用:(1)编纂和巩固产品类型的主导概念, (2)保护绿色债券免受污名化的重复, (3)建立宽松的资格审查区。本文提出了一个对权力更敏感的、空间化的环境标准概念。通过在市场框架中引入绿色“刚好足够”的信息、保证和承诺, 本文创新地对绿色经济增长导向陈述的经济化进行了理论化。最后, 我们反思了市场项目所涉及的一些问题, 揭示了通过绝对宽大实现的增长, 有牺牲环境考虑的风险。

Este artículo pretende presentar una perspectiva crítica de los roles y los efectos que tienen los estándares de gobernar en los nuevos mercados de la sustentabilidad. Dejando de lado la estrecha y tecnocrática interpretación de los estándares como herramienta con la cual diferenciar al interior de los mercados existentes, examinamos el trabajo de los estándares en configurar y promulgar un tipo específico de mercado ambiental, que nosotros calificamos de orientado por el crecimiento. Por medio de un estudio de caso de uno de tales mercados, de bonos verdes, el artículo muestra cómo los estándares han sido estratégicamente enrolados para desempeñar tres papeles claves dentro de un operativo general del crecimiento: (1) codificar y solidificar una concepción dominante de la categoría del producto, (2) proteger los bonos verdes de las iteraciones estigmatizadoras, y (3) construir una zona indulgente de calificación. Nuestro trabajo enriquece la literatura existente al ofrecer una conceptualización más sensible del poder y espacialmente explícita de los estándares ambientales. Entrega además una novedosa teorización de cómo las articulaciones de la economía verde orientadas al crecimiento se tornan económicas al aportar “apenas lo justo” en información, seguridad y promesas de lo verde en el marco del mercado. Concluimos reflexionando sobre algunas de las tensiones involucradas en los proyectos basados en mercado, revelando cómo con el imperativo de crecimiento por medio de indulgencia categórica se corre el riesgo de que las consideraciones ambientales se conviertan en proposiciones subordinadas.

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Chup Priovashini, Danielle Cutts, and Fernanda Gimenes for their research assistance; the reviewers for their constructive comments; the editor for supportive guidance; Myung-Ae Choi, Kirstie O’Neill, and Michael Mason for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the article; and the interviewees for generously giving their time and insight for this research.

Notes

1 China accounted for approximately 80 percent of emerging market issuance between 2012 and Citation2018.

2 We thank an anonymous reviewer for the suggestion to pursue this idea more explicitly.

3 China, Egypt, India, Japan, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Singapore.

4 Consistent with ethical norms, the names of research participants have been hidden, with each respondent identified by a number.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Marshall Institute, LSE, Small Grants Programme.

Notes on contributors

Richard Perkins

RICHARD PERKINS is Associate Professor of Environmental Geography in the Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. His current research interests focus on the governance of “sustainable” finance and climate change.

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