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Articles

Heat Waves and Road Traffic Collisions in Alabama, United States

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Pages 1313-1327 | Received 09 Mar 2020, Accepted 20 Jul 2021, Published online: 13 Oct 2021
 

Abstract

The effects of heat waves on traffic collisions require investigation to improve traffic safety during extreme heat events. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine associations between heat waves and traffic collisions in Alabama between May and September from 2009 to 2018. We derived a heat wave index, defined as the daily mean temperature greater than the 95th percentile for two or more consecutive days, by meteorological data from Phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System. We obtained traffic collision records from the Alabama Department of Transportation. A nonsignificant and negative association between traffic collisions and heat waves was noted, with a 1.4 percent decrease (95 percent confidence interval [CI] [−3.1 percent, 0.4 percent]) in traffic collisions on heat wave days compared to non–heat wave days. Similar results were found when the analysis was stratified by driver-related factors (i.e., gender, age, race, employment status, and driver residence distances), vehicle-related factors (i.e., vehicle usage), and collision-related factors (i.e., rural or urban roads, speed limits, and intersections). A significant and positive association was observed on heat wave days without precipitation, however (23.5 percent increase; 95 percent CI [7.3 percent, 42.3 percent]). In conclusion, traffic collisions were not associated with heat waves in many collision-related conditions in Alabama.

为了改善酷热期间的交通安全, 需要研究热浪对交通事故的影响。采用时间分层案例交叉设计方法, 我们研究了2009年至2018年期间5月至9月美国阿拉巴马州的热浪和交通事故的关系。根据北美陆地数据同化系统第二阶段的气象数据, 制作了热浪指数:连续两天或两天以上的高于95%百分比的日平均温度。从阿拉巴马州交通局获得交通事故记录。交通事故与热浪之间存在着不显著负相关性。与非热浪日相比, 热浪日的交通事故下降了1.4%, 95%置信区间为[-3.1%, 0.4%]。对驾驶员因素(性别、年龄、种族、就业状况和居住距离)、车辆因素(车辆使用情况)和事故因素(农村或城市道路、限速和交叉路口)的分层分析, 也发现了类似结果。然而, 无降水的热浪日有显著正相关性:增加了23.5%, 95%置信区间为[7.3%, 42.3%]。总之, 在阿拉巴马州交通事故的诸多因素里, 热浪与交通事故无关。

Los efectos de las oleadas de calor sobre las colisiones de tráfico demandan investigación para mejorar la seguridad del tráfico durante eventos calóricos extremos. Se usó un diseño estratificado de cruce de casos en el tiempo para examinar las asociaciones entre las oleadas de calor y las colisiones de tráfico en Alabama, entre mayo y septiembre del 2009 hasta el 2018. Se obtuvo un índice de oleada de calor, definido como la temperatura media diaria superior al 95° percentil durante dos o más días consecutivos, mediante datos meteorológicos de la Fase 2 del Sistema Norteamericano de Asimilación de Datos Terrestres. Obtuvimos registros de colisiones de tráfico del Departamento de Transportes de Alabama. Se registró una asociación negativa no significativa entre las colisiones de tráfico y las oleadas de calor, con un descenso del 1.4 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento [CI] [–3.1 por ciento, 0.4 por ciento]) en las colisiones de tráfico en los días con oleadas de calor, en comparación con los días sin oleadas de calor. Se obtuvieron resultados similares cuando el análisis se estratificó por factores relacionados con el chofer (i.e., género, edad, raza, estatus laboral y distancia a la residencia del chofer), factor relacionado con el vehículo (i.e., uso del vehículo), y factores relacionados con la colisión (i.e., carreteras rurales o urbanas, límites de velocidad, e intersecciones). Sin embargo, se detectó una asociación positiva significativa en los días con oleada de calor sin precipitaciones (incremento del 23.5 por ciento; CI del 95 por ciento 7.3 por ciento, 42.3 por ciento]). En conclusión, en Alabama las colisiones de tráfico no estuvieron asociadas con las oleadas de calor en muchas condiciones relacionadas con colisión.

Acknowledgments

Assistance on data collection provided by Jesse Norris, Hannah Joiner, and Benjamin T. Landin was greatly appreciated.

Supplemental Material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s Website at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2021.1960145.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by a Research Grant from Troy University.

Notes on contributors

Connor Y. H. Wu

CONNOR Y. H. WU is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geospatial Informatics at Troy University, Troy, AL 36082. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include heat waves, traffic safety, public health, geographic information systems, and remote sensing.

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