Efficient solvent free synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one derivatives using nano-AlPO₄/Ti (IV) as a green, heterogeneous and reusable catalyst

Abstract

A new green protocol has been developed for synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones via a three component, one-pot condensation reaction of dimedone, β-naphthol and aromatic aldehydes using nano-AlPO_4/Ti (IV) (NAP-Ti(IV)) as a reusable and novel catalyst at 90 °C under solvent-free condition. Short reaction times, high yields, scale up and easy work-up are advantages of this protocol. The prepared nano-AlPO_4/Ti(IV) was fully characterized by EDX, XRD, SEM, IR analysis. The obtained tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones were characterized by various methods such as FT-IR, ¹HNMR.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Nano-AlPO₄/Ti(IV)
• tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one
• solvent-free
• one-pot reaction
• aldehyde
• β-naphthol

Acknowledgements

The Research Council of Yazd University is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of this work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).