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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 7, 2023 - Issue 3
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Original Research

Management of cough in Canadian primary care and specialty practices: A survey of current knowledge of clinicians and allied health professionals

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Pages 124-132 | Received 17 Nov 2022, Accepted 14 Apr 2023, Published online: 19 May 2023
 

Abstract

RATIONALE

Cough is one of the most common causes for medical consultation. However, we do not know whether its management is optimal in Canada. Although guidelines are available, awareness of these and implementation of their recommendations are uncertain.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this research was to evaluate the diagnostic approach and management of cough, as well as knowledge of cough guidelines in Canada.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online survey of general practitioners (GPs), specialists (SPs) and allied health professionals (AHPs) was conducted anonymously in Canada. Participants answered multiple-choice questions on etiology, diagnosis, follow-up and treatment (only physicians) of cough and knowledge and application of cough guidelines.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

A total of 248 respondents completed the survey (43 GPs, 27 SPs, and 178 AHPs). In the investigation of a patient with chronic cough, a chest radiograph was the most common test ordered by physicians (GPs: 51.2%, SPs: 59.3%) and spirometry with bronchodilator reversibility (61.2%) by AHPs. GPs most often treated cough of unknown etiology with combined inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) (25.8%) and SPs with a nasal corticosteroid (NCS)(29.8%). NCS was also the most often prescribed treatment for cough considered originating in the upper respiratory tract (GPs: 60.4%, SPs: 76.2%). When cough was believed to be due to asthma or gastroesophageal reflux disease, treatment was appropriate in most cases. Awareness of current cough guidelines content was poor in all groups (GPs: 14.0%, SPs: 51.9%, AHPs: 26.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Physicians and AHPs’ knowledge and application of guidelines for the management of chronic cough remains poor.

RÉSUMÉ

JUSTIFICATION

La toux est l'une des causes les plus fréquentes de consultation médicale. Cependant, nous ne savons pas si sa prise en charge est optimale au Canada. Bien que des lignes directrices soient disponibles, la connaissance de celles-ci et la mise en œuvre de leurs recommandations sont incertaines.

OBJECTIF

Évaluer l'approche diagnostique et la prise en charge de la toux, ainsi que la connaissance des lignes directrices sur la toux au Canada.

MÉTHODES

Un sondage en ligne transversal auprès des omnipraticiens, des spécialistes et des professionnels de la santé apparentés a été mené de façon anonyme au Canada. Les participants ont répondu à des questions à choix multiples sur l'étiologie, le diagnostic, le suivi et le traitement (uniquement les médecins) de la toux, ainsi que sur la connaissance et l'application des lignes directrices sur la toux.

MESURES ET PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS

Au total, 248 répondants ont répondu à l'enquête (43 omnipraticiens, 27 spécialistes et 178 autres professionnels de la santé). Dans le cadre de l'investigation d'un patient souffrant de toux chronique, une radiographie thoracique était le test le plus couramment prescrit par les médecins (omnipraticiens : 51,2 %, spécialistes : 59,3 %) et une spirométrie avec test de réversibilité après bronchodilatateur (61,2 %) par les autres professionnels de la santé. Les omnipraticiens traitaient le plus souvent la toux d'étiologie inconnue avec un corticostéroïde inhalé combiné à un bêta-2 agoniste à action prolongée (25,8 %) et les spécialistes avec un corticostéroïde nasal (29,8 %). Le corticostéroïde nasal était également le traitement le plus souvent prescrit pour la toux considérée comme provenant des voies respiratoires supérieures (omnipraticiens : 60,4 %, spécialistes : 76,2 %). Lorsque l'on croyait que la toux était due à l'asthme ou au reflux gastro-œsophagien, le traitement était approprié dans la plupart des cas. La connaissance du contenu actuel des lignes directrices sur la toux était faible dans tous les groupes (omnipraticiens : 14,0 %, spécialistes : 51,9 %, autres professionnels de la santé 26,6 %).

CONCLUSIONS

Les connaissances et l'application des lignes directrices pour la prise en charge de la toux chronique par les médecins et les autres professionnels de la santé restent médiocres.

Author contributions

LPB, MEB and LL: conception and design of the study, interpretation of data, draft and revision of the manuscript. AK. JB, EH, AC, SKF, MG, SG, PAL, IS: revision of study protocol, interpretation of data and revision of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

Louis-Philippe Boulet has received grants for participation to clinical studies from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Glaxo SmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi-Regeneron, BioHaven, for consulting and advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Glaxo SmithKline, Merck, Sanofi-Regeneron and Lecture fees from Astra Zeneca, Covis, Cipla, Glaxo SmithKline, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi.

Alan Kaplan is a member of speakers bureau or advisory board for AstraZeneca, Bellus, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cipla, Covis, Eisai, Glaxo SmithKline, Merck, Moderna, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, Teva, Trudel and Valeo.

Jean Bourbeau reports grants from CIHR, grants from FRQS, Foundation of the McGill University Health Centre and Distinguished Scientist Award of McGill University. He reports grants, participating in speaking activities and advisory board for AstraZeneca Canada Ltd, Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd, Glaxo SmithKline Canada Ltd and Global, Pfizer Canada Ltd and Trudell Canada Ltd. He reports being a member of Formulary or similar Committee for INESSS (province of Quebec), Provincial Lung Associations (Quebec and Ontario), Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) and Global Initiative of Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) outside the submitted work.

Andréanne Côté has research grants from Glaxo SmithKline, speakers fees from AstraZeneca, Glaxo SmithKline, Valeo and Sanofi, participation to advisory boards for Glaxo SmithKline, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Valeo. Stephen K. Field is a member of the ACCP cough guideline committee, RespiPlus cough education committee, speakers bureau for Covis, Valeo, AstraZeneca and has research funding from CIHR and Bellus.

Imran Satia is currently supported by the E.J. Moran Campbell Early Career Award, McMaster University and reports grants from Merck, Glaxo SmithKline and MITACS and speaker and/or consulting fees from Merck, Glaxo SmithKline, AstraZeneca, Roche, Genentech and Respiplus outside the submitted the work. Marie-Eve Boulay, Laurent Lecours, Emily Horvat, Myriam Gagné, Samir Gupta, and Pierre-Alexis Lépine have no conflicts to declare.

Additional information

Funding

This project, initiated by the Laval University Chair in Knowledge Translation, Education, and Prevention in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health, in collaboration with RESPIPLUS, was supported by a nonrestrictive educational grant from Merck Canada.

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