Thermoelectric properties investigation of Tungsten carbide-filled poly (vinyl alcohol)/Polypyrrole ternary composites

ABSTRACT

Many researchers have recently focused their attention on conductive polymer-based flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials. One of the most popular approaches for improving TE efficiency is the addition of inorganic components to conductive polymers. In this work, the TE properties of tungsten carbide-filled poly (vinyl alcohol)/polypyrrole (PVA/PPy/WC) ternary composites were examined for the first time. First, composites with varying WC weight ratios were produced by the solvent casting process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations demonstrated the homogenous dispersion of WC particles in the composite structure, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses determined the influence of WC addition on the crystal structure of the composite. The electrostatic interactions of each component were revealed by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and UV-vis studies. Additionally, with the addition of WC, the energy bandgap of PVA/PPy reduced from 5.71 eV up to 2.07 eV. From TE studies, it was obtained that the electrical conductivity of PVA/PPy increased from 3.35 × 10⁻³ up to 58 Sm⁻¹ with the addition of 30% WC, while the power factor (PF) of PVA/PPy increased from 8,6 × 10⁻⁹ μWm⁻¹K⁻² up to 1.71 × 10⁻³ μWm⁻¹K⁻². Both composite samples had negative Seebeck coefficients, which are typical of n-type conductors.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Thermoelectric
• composite
• poly (vinyl alcohol)
• polypyrrole
• tungsten carbide

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

This research has been supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) with project number: 1919B012207708.

BioRender.com was used to prepare the graphical abstract.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu [1919B012207708].

Notes on contributors

Gizem Arslantürk

Gizem Arslantürk is a student at Yildiz Technical University Chemistry Department. Her research focuses on thermoelectric materials and conductive polymer-based composites.

Volkan Ugraskan

Volkan Ugraskan is an Assist. Prof. Dr. in Yildiz Technical University Chemistry Department. He received his Ph.D. from Yildiz Technical University in 2022. His research focuses on thermoelectric materials, conductive polymers, biopolymers, and their composites.